Birds of Indiana. 1075 



Eangb. — North America, from Mexico and Greater Antilles, north 

 through the interior of the United States, between Alleghany Moun- 

 tains and Great Plains, to Maekenize Valley (Ft. Simpson). Rare on 

 Atlantic Coast. Breeds far north. Winters from South Atlantic and 

 Gulf States southward. 



The Palm Warbler occurs only as a migrant in Indiana. In the 

 western and northwestern parts of the State — the original prairie 

 Region — it is very common, often very abundant; much more numer- 

 ous in spring than in fall. There it frequents the open fields, the 

 fence rows and the roadsides, and to the naturalist, at least, is a very 

 familiar bird. Throughout the southeastern half of our State it is 

 of irregular occurrence, never abundant, and seldom, if ever, really 

 common. From most places it is reported as rare, not common, br 

 tolerably common. There it frequents thickets and fence rows, open 

 fields and woods, being- found at times in the deepest forests. In 

 the woods it usually is seen among the bushes and lower limbs of 

 trees, not over twenty feet high, but I have taken it at twice that 

 height. 



In the Whitewater Valley, some years it is very rare, and I have 

 never found it common. In its migrations it not only seems to prefer 

 the prairie district, but appears there earlier than farther to the east- 

 ward. In Illinois and western and northwestern Indiana the same 

 year they appear earlier than in the southeastern part of the State, 

 arriving in the vicinity of Chicago often as soon, or sooner, than at 

 any station one hundred and fifty to three hundred miles southeast 

 of there. In 1897 they were fir.st seen near Chicago April 17, and 

 were abundant April 24. In 1896 they were first seen at Chicago 

 April 11 and again April 13, while in Indiana they were not seen 

 until April 17. In 1895 Chicago reported them April 31, the same 

 date they were observed two hundred miles southeast of there. At 

 Greensburg the earliest and latest dates of first appearance in spring 

 are April 17, 1896, April 23, 1894; Spearsville, April 21, 1895, April 

 25, 1897; Vigo County, April 24, 1888, April 30, 1889; Bloomington, 

 April 32, 1885, May 6, 1885; Carroll County, April 21, 1885, May 

 8, 1884; Brookville, April 24, 1889, May 5, 1887; Lafayette, April 

 24, 1897, May 6, 1892; Francisville, April 19, 1896; Chicago, 111., 

 April 11, 1896, April 38, 1894; Petersburg, Mich., May 1, 1888, May 

 6, 1889. They usually leave southern Indiana about May 5 and the 

 northern part of the State a week later, but they may occasionally 

 be found southward until near the middle of the month and north- 

 ward ten days later than that. They were last reported at Greens- 

 burg May 14, 1894; Richmond, May 16, 1897; Terre Haute, May 8, 



