The Dutch pipe is similar to the German ex- 
cept that the stem is long and straight which 
allows the bowl to rest on the ground. The 
German pipe is usually held in the hand by the 
lower bowl. In Turkey and Oriental countries 
the water pipe is used. This form of pipe 
originated in Persia. The pipe consists of a 
receptacle for the tobacco, which has a perfo- 
rated bottom. This holder fits into a cup from 
which a hollow tube leads into a jar containing 
water. The tube passes through the stopper of 
the jar and descends almost to the bottom of 
the water. Another tube, the inhaling tube, 
also passes through the stopper of the jar, but 
does not reach to the surface of the water. On 
drawing through the inhaler a vacuum is created 
in the air space above the surface of the water 
in the jar which induces suction through the 
other tube below the water level. The smoke 
therefore bubbles through the water and is 
cooled before it reaches the mouth of the 
smoker. It, however, requires a considerable 
amount of effort to draw the smoke through. 
Water pipes are used extensively among the 
batter classes of the East. Some of them are 
very gorgeous affairs, the bowls being of the 
richest crystal and the fittings gold or silver set 
with gems. Sometimes they have several smok- 
ing tubes so as to accommodate more than one 
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