nicotine to the smoke formed, while the pipe 
yields a very large portion (in some cases be- 
tween 70 and 80%) of its nicotine to the smoke. 
Analysis of cigar smoke gives figures midway 
between the two. 
With the results of Bush and the Lancet 
before him the user of tobacco will be better 
able to judge of the opinions of those who des- 
cribe the effects of nicotine on the vision, heart, 
digestive organs, etc., as likely to be the results 
of tobacco smoking. 
Thus the disturbance of vision ascribed to 
tobacco smoking is called tobacco amblyopia. 
Dr. W. S. Franklin of San Francisco (Calif. 
State Jour. of Med., 1909, V. 7, p. 85), says 
that to produce this disease it is necessary to 
smoke daily from .75 to 1.0 gms. of pure nico- 
tine. If 17% of the nicotine of tobacco is car- 
ried in the smoke, in order to absorb that quan- 
tity 7 or 8 cheap domestic cigars, 10 or 11 
Cubans or 60 cigarettes should be smoked. Now 
very few smokers consume this amount and ac- 
cording to Bush, and the Lancet, and others 
there is no such percentage of nicotine in the 
smoke. 
To the use of tobacco is ascribed an acid 
dyspepsia—this, however, is noticed more par- 
ticularly ‘in habitual chewers and in this case 
the nicotine not being burnt has no chance of 
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