60 Vict. Provincial Board of Horticulture. 



the outside — closing the breathing pores, or causing death by irritation of the skin. Besides 

 these, however, various substances are used in preventing insect attacks, keeping the pests 

 away because of offensive odours, or acting as mechanical barriers against them. 

 These are dealt with in the following ways ; — 



SPRAYING MIXTURES. 



No. 1. — Winter Spray for Woolly Aphis, Scale Insects, and Pear Leaf Blister Mite ; the 

 ingredients of which are as follows : — 



Lime, unslacked 30 lbs. 



Sulphur, powdered 20 n 



Salt, coarse 15 n 



Water 60 gals. 



Place 10 pounds of lime and 20 pounds of sulphur in a boiler with 20 gallons of water, 



and boil over a brisk iire for two hours, until the sulphur is thoroughly dissolved. It will then 



be amber-coloured. Next place 20 pounds of lime in a cask and pour water 



Directions for g,jough over it to thoroughly slack it. Add the salt. When dissolved, add 



to the lime and sulphur and boil half an hour longer. Add enough water to 



make 60 gallons. Apply lukewarm. 



Spray when the trees are dormant, or as soon as the leaves fall, and again in the spring 

 before the buds swell. A good force-pump should be used, and care must be taken to 

 thoroughly cover the infected trees with the mixture, which should be constantly stirred when 

 applying. 



To ensure freedom from lumps it is advisable to pass the mixture through a wire sieve or 

 strainer. Nozzles which are self-cleaning and adjustable, such as the "Improved Bean " and 

 " Bordeaux," are best adapted for distributing this and other spraying mixtures which contain 

 a considerable amount of solid matter. 



No. 2 — Summer Spray for Aphis ; ingredients : — 



Quassia chips 8 lbs. 



Whale oil soap 7 n 



Water 100 gals. 



Boil the quassia chips in about eight gallons of water for one hour. Dissolve the soap in 



hot water, strain and mix both solutions together, and dilute with sufficient water to make 



100 gallons altogether. To be used with a spray pump with as much force 



Directions. as possible in applying. This mixture is the standard remedy for hop-aphis, 



and has given most satisfactory results against other form of aphides, with 



no injury to the foliage of trees treated. 



No. 4. Bordeaux Mixture for Apple-scab and all Fungous Diseases; ingredients: — 



Sulphate of copper (bluestone) ■ 4 lbs. 



Unslacked lime 4 n 



Water 50 gals. 



It has been found that the method of combining the ingredients has an important bearing 

 on both the chemical composition and physical structure of the mixture. For example, if the 

 copper sulphate is dissolved in a small quantity of water and the lime milk diluted to a limited 

 extent only, there results, when these materials are brought together, a thick mixture, having 

 strikingly different characters from one made by pouring together weak solutions of lime and 

 copper sulphate. It is true, furthermore, that if the copper sulphate solution and lime milk 

 are poured together while the latter or both are warm, different effects are obtained than if 

 both solutions are cool at the moment of mixing. 



