60 Vict. Provincial Board of Horticulture. 



Caution — Most of the copper compounds corrode tin and iron. Consequently, in prepar- 

 ing them for use, earthen, wooden or brass vessels should be employed ; and in applying them, 

 the parts of pump which come in contact with the liquid should be made of brass. 



No. 15 — Lye and Soap Wash — For winter use only; ingredients: — 



1 lb. concentrated lye. 

 1 lb. whale oil soap. 

 5 gallons water. 



Dissolve the lye and soap in the water heated. 



This mixture may be applied with a swab or brush, or with the spray pump, if used 



warm. One thorough application in the fall, and another before growth 



Directions. commences in the spring, should be made when used against woolly aphides. 



This is also an excellent wash to remove moss and lichen from trees and 



bushes, and if used for this purpose alone, half the amount of soap is sufficient. 



INSECT PESTS. 



GREEN APHIS. (Greatly magnified.) 



Apple Aphis {Aphis Mali) is reported from all parts of the Province ; very injurious to 



apple trees in some districts, especially in the interior. This pest is so well 



Green Aphis, known and has been so often described that it is hardly necessary to repeat 



its life history at length. They injure trees and plants by sucking the sap. 



■ The eggs of Green Aphides are deposited in the fall, usually on the extremities of the 



new growth, or around the buds. Two thorough applications of the No. 1 spray, according to 



the directions given, or of the lye and soap wash (No. 15), will destroy the eggs, and this is by 



far the best method of dealing with the pest, in the first instance. In a natural way the eggs 



hatch off just when growth commences in the spring, and the leaves of infested trees soon 



become curled and rolled up, making it very difficult to reach them with any spraying 



mixture. 



They multiply at an enormous rate, those first hatched giving birth to living young, 

 which in their turn reproduce in the same way, and so on for several generations, so that as 

 fast as new leaves expand, they are attacked, if the weather conditions are favourable to the 

 aphides. 



The most successful summer sprays are Nos. 2, 6, or 7, any one of which, if used as 

 directed, will give good results. The spraying should be repeated at intervals, and care taken 

 to do the work thoroughly, as the washes kill only by actual contact with the insects. 



During the summer winged broods of the pests are born ; these should be looked out for, 

 and prevented from establishing themselves by a timely use of one of the spraying mixtures 

 referred to. 



