60 Vict. Provincial Board of Horticulture. 35 



found about the barrels and bins in which it is stored. A favourite hiding-place is between 

 the hoops and staves of the apple barrels, where they are found sometimes by hundreds. If 

 thus provided with snug winter quarters, and through negligence allowed to escape, the fruit- 

 grower must expect to suffer increased loss for his want of care. 



Having fixed on a suitable spot, the larva spins its little tough cocoon, firmly attached to 

 the place of attachment, and within this it remains in its larval state until early the following 

 spring, when it changes to a browQ chrysalis, and shortly afterwards the moth appears to begin 

 the work of the opening season. 



The moth is a night iiier, but is not readily attracted by light, and is so seldom captured 

 by poisoned baits as to render this method of destruction impracticable. 



One of the most effective methods yet devised for reducing the number of this insect is 

 to trap the larvse and chrysalides and destroy them. This is best done by applying bands 

 around the trunks of the trees, about six inches in width; strips of old 

 Remedies sacking, carpets, cloth, or fabric of any kind will serve the purpose, and 



'^'^ °' although not so durable, many use common brown paper. Whatever 

 material is used, it should be wound entirely around the tree once or twice, and fastened with 

 a string or tack. Within such enclosures the larvse hide and transform. The bands should 

 be applied not later than the first of June, and visited evei-y eight or ten days until the last of 

 August, each time taken off and examined, and all the worms and chrysalides found under 

 them destroyed ; they should also be visited once after the crop is secured. Some persons 

 perfer to use narrower bands, not more than four inches wide, and fasten them with a tack, 

 while others secure them in their place by merely tucking the ends under. Usually the 

 cocoons under the bandages are partly attached to the tree and partly to the bandages, so that 

 when the latter is removed the cocoon is torn asunder, when it often happens that the larva 

 or chrysalis will fall to the ground, and if it escapes notice may there complete its transforma- 

 tions. 



Paris green has been found the best poison to use, either in combination with lime or with 

 Bordeaux mixture, at the rate of 4 ozs. to 50 gallons of water or Bordeaux 



Spraying. mixture. If water is used in diluting, add 2 lbs. fresh lime to each 50 

 gallons. See spray No. 9. 



Under favourable circumstances a single spraying is sufficient, but usually two sprayings 

 are required at intervals of about a week, and a third if rain interferes. The first spraying 

 should always be made as soon as the blossoms have fallen and the fruit is set. The second 

 spraying is made to allow for the irregular hatching of the larvse, and to make certain that all 

 are reached. To be efficient, the spray must reach every fruit to be protected. 



The fallen fruit should be promptly gathered and destroyed. It has been recommended 

 that hogs be kept in the orchard for the purpose of devouring such fruit, and where they can 

 be so kept without injury to the trees or other crops, they would no doubt be useful. 



Canker or Measuring Worms (Anisopteryx — undetermined) are reported as injuring the 



foliage of fruit trees at Nanaimo and Victoria. The caterpillars feed upon the pulp of the leaf, 



leaving the network of veins, so that the foliage appears brown and scorched. 



Canker Worms. There are two distinct species. They are, when full grown, about an inch in 



length, and vary from a greenish-yellow to a dark brown colour, with broad 



yellowish or paler stripes along each side. When not eating they usually assume a stiff posture, 



either fiat and parallel with the twigs on which they rest, or at an angle of about forty-five 



degrees. 



The two sexes of these canker worm moths differ greatly. The male has large,- well 

 developed wings, while the female is wingless. When she emerges from the chrysalis state she 

 crawls to the base of the tree, and ascends the trunk some distance; here the male finds her, 

 and after mating she begins the deposition of eggs. 



This habit gives control of these pests, for if we simply band the trees in such a way as to 

 prevent either the female or the young caterpillars from ascending the branches, they will be 

 completely protected. Unless the females can get upon the leaves, the eggs are laid upon the 

 trunk below any obstruction they cannot pass. The young larvas will attempt to get to the 

 leaves,' and will, if they find an impassable barrier, starve to death. 



