6Q Vict. Provincial Board of Horticulture. 41 



" 'To treat pastures and meadows for grasshoppers and leaf-hoppers, it would seem from 

 present experience the best plan to run over all grass lands early in May with the simple dozer 

 described for leaf-hoppers (a piece of sheet iron 8^ feet long and 2 feet wide was coated on the 

 upper side with coal-tar, and lying flat on the sod was dragged along by means of three cords, 

 one fastened at each end and one in the middle). Pastures should be treated a second time, 

 about the middle of June. For meadows, the second treatment may follow hay-cutting, if 

 insects are abundant, and then, if grasshoppers appear in July in numbers, resort to the deep 

 hopper-dozfir described above.' 



"Summarising the results of his experiments with leaf-hoppers, the same writer says ; — 

 ' Experiments with hopper-dozers for grass leaf-hoppers show that this method can be used 

 very successfully in capturing the insects ; that the simplest form, a flat sheet of iron, was 

 most satisfactory ; that one application resulted in adding 34 per cent, to the crop of hay on a 

 plot experimented on, and in one experiment leaf-hoppers were captured at the rate of 376,000 

 per acre.' 



" These results are most striking, and one cannot but feel convinced that it would pay 

 well to adopt systematically such a simple and cheap method of freeing pastures of the myriad 

 insects which reduce the yield every year. 



" The use of hopper-dozers in the Western States for the destruction of locusts is recog- 

 nised as one of the standard methods of fighting these injurious insects, and has been attended 

 with marked success. The other method which is relied on is ploughing the land where the 

 eggs have been deposited, so as either to bury thera deeply, so that the young cannot emerge 

 in spring, or so as to expose thera under unnatural conditions to the frosts of winter or their 

 numerous predacious enemies. In the thickly settled portions of Canada where, as a rule, 

 stubble fields are regularly ploughed up before winter, we, as a consequence do not sutt'er from 

 locust plagues so frequently as is the case in the West. 



"The use of insecticides such as Paris green for locust attacks is seldom a practical 



remedy, except on limited areas. In response to some who have applied for the receipt of the 



bran and arsenic remedy, I extract the following from Professor Clarence Weed's useful little 



work ' Insects and Insecticides': — 'A mixture which has been successfully employed consists 



of arsenic, sugar, bran and water, the proportions being one part (by weight) 



Insecticides. of arsenic, one of sugar, and fifty of bran, to which is added a certain 



quantity of water. The arsenic and bran are first mixed together, then the 



sugar is dissolved in water and added to the bran and arsenic ; after which a sufiicient 



quantity of water is added to thoroughly wet the mixture. About a teaspoonful of this 



mixture is thrown on the ground at the base of each tree or vine (in gardens and orchards) 



and left to do its work.' 



" I found by experiment that the poison works slowly, but is very effectual.'' 



Cicadas are reported from Armstrong, Enderby and Okanagan Valley. 



No injury is done by these insects in feeding, but their egg-laying habit causes consider- 

 able trouble. The eggs are laid in the twigs and branches of trees, a series of slits being cut 



^. . by the ovipositor of the female, forming chambers in which the eggs are 



arranged in series. No practical remedy for this pest has been found, but 



as birds arc fond of the insects, they should be encouraged in the orchard as much as possible. 



This well known enemy of greenhouse plants (Tetranychus telarius) is also injurious to 

 fruit-trees and plants in the open, especially in some portions of the Interior. In greenhouses 



it is best dealt with by keeping the air saturated with moisture. Infested 

 The Red Spider, trees or plants in the open should be sprayed with the No. 1 wash in the 



dormant season, or in summer with the tobacco and soap (No. 6) or quassia 

 and soap washes (No. 2) where the pest is known to be present. 



