SUGAR FACTORY FEEDS AND MEALS 195 



(p. 79). Dried beet pulp is often moistened with three to five 

 times its weight of water about six hours before feeding time, espe- 

 cially on dairy farms where there is no silo. Some dairymen and 

 farmers prefer feeding the pulp in this way. In case of heavy pro^ 

 ducing cows or steers, it is possible that they are induced to eat their 

 feed with a keener appetite and to eat more when the dried pulp is 

 fed moistened than when fed dry, but no decided advantage has 

 been shown by this method of feeding. 



Beet molasses is sometimes added to the pulp in the factory as 

 it goes to .the drier; the resulting molasses beet pulp makes an ex- 

 cellent feed for dairy cows and sheep, being worth somewhat more 

 than the plain dried pulp. 7 It was found to have about one-tenth 

 higher feeding value than corn for fattening lambs in experiments 

 conducted at the Colorado station ; this is probably too high for an 

 average figure, which would place it at about the same feeding value 

 as corn and similar feeds. 



II. OIL MEALS 



The oil-bearing seeds that furnish by-products of value as stock 

 feeds in this country are : Flaxseed, cotton seed, cocoanut, soybean, 

 and peanut, the last three to a limited extent only. 



Linseed Meal (Oil Meal). — Flaxseed (Fig. 37) is grown largely 

 in the northwestern States, the Dakotas, and Minnesota, and most 

 linseed oil mills are located in these and the central States. There 

 are two methods of manufacture, known as (a) old-process and (6) 

 new-process. By the former method the cleaned and ground seeds 

 are placed in large linen bags and subjected to heavy pressure until 

 the residue forms cakes about 1 inch thick and about 13 by 32 

 inehesi (edges trimmed). The cakes are broken into small pieces 

 or ground to a fine meal, usually the latter, which is generally sold 

 as old-process linseed meal, or simply oil meal in eastern and 

 central States. 



In the new process of manufacture the flaxseed is ground and 

 heated to about 160° F., and is then placed in large percolators 

 holding about 1000 bushels or more. The seed is treated repeatedly 

 with naphtha till practically all the oil is dissolved. Live steam 

 is then introduced into the percolators and the naphtha gradually 

 driven out of the mass. The meal is transferred to steam-heated 

 driers, and, when dried, elevated to the meal bins and sacked. The 

 naphtha is evaporated" from the oil solution, and commercial lin- 

 seed oil remains. 



Old-process meal is generally preferred by feeders on account of 



7 Wis. Report 22, p. 108 ; see also Mass. Bui. 99, Mich. Bui. 220. 



