276 PRODUCTIVE FEEDING OF FARM ANIMALS 



5. What does the term spread or margin mean, as used by cattle men? 



6. Give the main factors on which the spread depends. 



7. Give the factors that determine the length of feeding period. 



8. How much grain and roughage does it take, on the average, to produce 



100 pounds gain in fattening steers? 



9. Why is pasture feeding for steers cheaper than feeding during the 



winter months? 



10. Discuss briefly the value of silage for steer feeding. 



11. What is baby beef? 



12. Give the conditions under which it may be successfully produced. 



13. Describe briefly the methods followed in the feeding of (a) yearling 



steers, (6) two-year-olds, (c) range steers. 



14. Describe the method of keeping hogs with fattening steers. 



15. Where are the main cattle markets located in the United States? 



16. What do you understand by shrinkage of cattle, how is it influenced, 



and what are the average figures under different conditions? 



17. What is a self-feeder? Under what conditions is its use advisable in 



beef production ? 



References: Farmers' Bui. 612, "Breeds of Beef Cattle." 811, "Pro- 

 duction of Baby Beef." 580, " Beef Production in the South." 588, 

 " Economical Cattle Feeding in the Corn Belt." 183, " Butchering." 1055, 

 " Country Hides and Skins, Skinning, Curing and Marketing." 



