POULTR?Y-CRAFT. 117 
the standard is much greater in warm weather than in cold. Computations 
for summer rations, in the hottest weather, would, without doubt, sometimes 
show nutritive ratio as narrow as 1:4, and potential energy as low as 50; — 
but not very often. Computations of good winter rations, for rather cold 
houses, would rarely show values exceeding those of the average fattening 
ration. 
157. The Balance of the Ration.—It is clear that a ration can be exactly 
balanced only at rare intervals, and then, as it were, only for the instant. Then 
if the ration is sufficient in quantity, there must be excess of either one kind of 
elements or the other. For economic reasons it is desirable that the excess be 
of the cheaper elements — the carbohydrates. The ration should always be a 
little wzde, rather than a little zarrow. 
158. Examples in Balancing Rations : — 
(1). To compute the values of the ration described in 146 (2): 
Corn contains (see table, ]153) 10.4% protein, 70.3% carbohydrates, 5% 
fat; wheat, 11.9% protein, 71.9% carbohydrates, 2.1% fat; bran, 15.4% 
protein, 53.9% carbohydrates, 4% fat; beef scraps, 53% protein, 32.9% fat; 
then 
Protein Carbohydrates Fats 
Ibs. Ibs. Ibs. 
94 Ibs. corn contain 9-77 66.08 4-7 
106 Ibs. oats contain 12.5 63.28 ‘G9 
100 Ibs. bran contain 15-4 53-9 4. 
12 lbs. beef scraps contain 6.96 * aia 3-94 
312 Ibs. mixture contain 44-63 183.26 17.94 
and the nutritive ratio of the mash is: 
44.63: (17.94% 2.5) +183.26 = 1: 5.13 
and potential energy for 312 Ibs. is: 
(17.94 16 X 264) +[ (44-63 X 183.26) 16X116] = 494.208 calories, 
and potential energy per oz. is 99 calories. 
The computation of the whole grain given in this ration gives : — 
Protein Carbohydrates Fats 
Ibs. Ibs. Ibs. 
120 lbs. wheat contain 14.28 86.40 2.52 
64 lbs. oats contain 7-55 38.20 352 
120 lbs. buckwheat contain 12. 77-40 2.64 
56 lbs. corn contain 5-82 39.36 2.8 
360 lbs. mixture contain 39.65 241.36 11.16 
Nutritive ratio, 1: 6.8; potential energy, 95 calories per ounce. 
