120 PROFITABLE STOCK RAISING 



remotely removed from cities or farms not readily 

 accessible to quick transportation facilities, could 

 not produce milk for city markets. The milk used 

 for domestic purposes in such large consuming 

 centers as Chicago, for instance, is all produced 

 within an approximate radius of lOO miles from the 

 city, and except under unusually favorable trans- 

 portation conditions, it will not be profitable to 

 ship milk much further than this. 



The other type of dairying, on the contrary, can 

 be conducted upon any farm which is producing 

 the necessary feed for carrying on dairy operations. 

 Nearly every farm in the middle West and North- 

 west conducts a dairy of some sort or other. Since 

 the introduction into nearly every farm home of 

 the hand separator, the production of cream for 

 sale to large butter-m'aking concerns has materially 

 increased. By the use of these machines it is pos- 

 sible for the farmer to secure the available butter 

 fat from the fresh milk within a very few minutes 

 after milking, and use the sweet, warm skim milk 

 for feeding calves or pigs. The cream is then sold 

 either to the local creamery or to representatives 

 of some of the large buttermaking concerns, and a 

 definite, monthly income is thus assured. Fresh, 

 wholesome skim milk secured by this process can 

 be so judiciously fed as to develop calves equally 

 as good as though they had been allowed to follow 

 their dams. This fact has been t^ken advantage 

 of in recent years by thousands of farmers who 

 originally kept cattle only for the increase. Under 

 this system, by milking the cows and raising the 

 calves to be finished later for beef, they are able to 

 have two sources of revenue, while the old system 

 gave them only one. 



The production of milk for the city market 



