TRACHEATA 331 



The testes lie in the fourth and fifth abdominal segments ; 

 they consist on each side of six small flattened bodies, each of 

 which has a short duct. The six ducts unite into a single 

 vas deferens, which is much coiled ; just before the vasa 

 deferentia of the two sides unite they are rather swollen, 

 and form vesiculae seminales, they then receive the secretion 

 of two coiled accessory glands. The united vasa deferentia 

 open into an extremely large and complicated ejaculatory 

 apparatus, which can be protruded just below and in front 

 of the rectum. 



The ovaries consist of six tubes upon each side ; their inner 

 tapering ends are united into a strand of tissue which is attached 

 to the tergum of the first abdominal segment ; the ova arise 

 from the endothelial cells which line these tubes. The cells are 

 undifferentiated at the inner end of the tube, but as they approach 

 the oviduct they assume more and more the character of the ripe 

 ova ; between each two eggs is a mass of cells whose function 

 is to afford nourishment to the ova, which attain a considerable 

 size. ' The six tubules on each side unite into an oviduct, and 

 the two oviducts fuse and form the vagina, which opens just 

 in frpnt of the rectum. A small accessory gland and a sper- 

 matheca are present, and, in addition to these, a large bursa or 

 sac, into which the penis is introduced during fertilisation. 



The adult cockchafers may be seen flying about in the 

 dusk during the months of May and June ; they live upon the 

 leaves of deciduous trees, and at times do a good deal of damage 

 by denuding the branches of their foliage. The female deposits 

 her ova, in clumps of about thirty, several inches below the 

 surface of the ground. Each egg gives rise to a larva with a 

 brownish, hard, chitinous head, and a white body of twelve 

 segments, the last two of which are swollen into a " sack." 

 The three segments immediately succeeding the head are each 

 provided with a pair of four-jointed legs. The larva creeps 

 through the earth, and lives on roots, in this way often causing 

 considerable loss to the agriculturist. The larva lives three 

 years, and in this time grows to a considerable size ; at the 

 end of the third summer it burrows to a depth of about two feet 

 in the ground, and there forms a spherical cell ; in this it turns 

 into a brown chrysalis. The pupa thus formed is a ^pju^a 



