TR ACHE AT A 361 



and each larva as it hatches out continues the recess into a 

 long tunnel ; in this way very peculiar markings are produced, 

 which are characteristic of the various species. BostrycTius 

 typographicus. 



Family Cerambycidae. — Often termed Longicorns, they are 

 large showy beetles with oblong cylindrical bodies and long, 

 usually eleven-jointed, recurved antennae. Their eggs are laid 

 in crevices of the bark, and their larvae often bore passages in 

 the wood ; they may live one to three years, and then form 

 a cocoon of chips near the mouth of their tunnel. Geramhyx 

 heros, Saperda carcharias. 



Family Cheysomelidae. — The leaf-beetles are oval in shape 

 and convex dorsally ; they are as a rule 

 small, and of bright colours. The larvae 

 have always three pairs of legs ; many of 

 them burrow in the soft mesophyll of 

 leaves ; they fix themselves by their hinder 

 end to leaves before pupating. Chrysomela 

 decemlineata is the Colorado beetle. Haltica Fia.20i.—HaZticanem- 

 nemorum, the turnip-fly, and IT. oleracea, ^"^ ^ ® urmp- 

 which attacks cabbages, also belong to 

 this family. 



Sub-order 4. Fseudotrimera. 



Family Cocoinellidae. — The lady-birds are hemispherical 

 in shape, usually of a red or yellow colour, with a varying 

 number of black spots. They lay long yellow eggs, usually in 

 the proximity of plant-lice, which are eagerly devoured by the 

 larvae when they hatch out. The larvae are soft-bodied grubs 

 beset with tubercles ; they attach themselves by their pointed 

 tail to leaves, and cast their skin ; this they do not throw off, 

 but remain in it during the pupa stage (eoarctate pupa). The 

 beetles pass the winter under bark, etc. 



Oeder6. HEMIPTERA. 



Chaeacteristics. — Insects with mouth parts adapted for pierc- 

 ing and Slicking, in the form of a jointed rostrum. Two 

 pairs of wings, which may he alike or mmj he different. 

 Metamorphosis incomplete. 



