4i6 ZOOLOGY 



Scorpio, is also found in Mygale. Coxal glands are also pre- 

 sent, in Mygale they seem to be closed, but in Atyptis they 

 open on both the iirst and third pairs of legs. 



Sub-order 2. Dipneumones. 



This sub-order contains the majority of spiders, which are 

 classified in very numerous families. Epeira diademafa belongs 

 to the Epeieidae, a family the members of which make the well- 

 known circular webs with radiating lines. Another family, 

 the Lycosidae, or wolf-spiders, includes the Zycosa tarantula of 

 Italy and Spain. The Thomisidae, or crab-spiders, have a flat 

 round abdomen and rather short legs ; they frequently run side- 

 ways, and build no webs. The Agelenidae make horizontal 

 webs, prolonged at one point into a tunnel, in which the 

 spider sits until some prey becomes entangled in the web, 

 when it rushes out, kills it, and binds it up. This family 

 includes the Agelena Idbyrinthica and Tegenaria derhamii, the 

 commonest household spider. Argyroneta aquatica, which also 

 belongs to this family, makes a bell-shaped, water-tight nest, 

 attached to some submerged water-plant. This it fills with 

 air, carrying it down from the surface in bubbles which it has 

 entangled between its spinnerets and the posterior pair of legs. 



Class VI. Phalangida. 



Chaeactekistics. — Arachnida with their abdomen not con- 

 stricted off from the cephalothorax ; four pairs of very long 

 and slender legs; they breathe by tracheae only ; chelicerae 

 chelate. 



The Phalangida, sometimes called the Opilionina, and 

 popularly known as harvestmen, resemble spiders in appear- 

 ance, but have no constriction between the abdomen and thorax, 

 and are almost always of a sombre gray, brown, or blackish 



hue. 



Appendages of Phalangium. 



1. Chelicerae. 4. 2nd pair of walking-legs. 



2. Pedipalpi. ■ 5. 3rd ,, ,, 



3. 1st pair of walking-legs. 6. 4th ,, ,, 



