THE CARPOPHORE 25 



simply an extension of the margin of the receptacle, or pileus, 

 for the projection of the young hymenium. In Boletus and 

 the stipitate Polyporei, Hydnei, etc., the carpophore is of the 

 same type. In such of the species of Pleurotus, Fomes, etc., 

 as have no stem the pileus, or receptacle, is sessile, and the 

 carpophore is reduced to a mere disc, or is obsolete. 



The external surface of the stipe or stem is sometimes 

 glutinous, as in the section Myxacium of the genus Cortinarius ; 

 or it is velvety, as in such species as Collybia longipes and C. 

 velutipes ; or it may be woolly, chiefly at the base, or broken up 

 into scales ; and all these conditions doubtless serve in some 

 way to fulfil some purpose. Worthington Smith has suggested 

 that they are probably of service to arrest the spores as they 

 fall from the hymenium, and, as he thinks, also the deciduous 

 cystidia. Of the internal structure M. de Seynes remarks 

 that the collective cells, which form the stipe, and afterwards 

 expand into the cap, are generally rather uniform, long, fibrous, 

 often much separated, rarely ramified, presenting at times in 

 their distance from each other, at others in their dimensions, 

 differences which, on the fissure of the stipe, present an aspect 

 either fibrous, granulated, spongy, or woolly. The cellular 

 fibres are always closer and more compact at the cortical part. 

 Those peculiar lactiferous vessels which convey the milk, so 

 conspicuous in Lactarius, are not confined to the cap, but are 

 present also in the stem, although possibly not quite so 

 abundant, but they must be very numerous in the stems of 

 one section of the genus Mycena where the milk is almost 

 confined to the stem. In Mycena leucogalus it is quite white, 

 in Mycena haematopus, of a blood red ; in Mycena crocatus it is 

 saffron yellow, and in Mycena galopus it is described as white, 

 but it is often watery, or with a tinge of white, like milk and 

 water. The quantity of milk depends much on the dampness 

 of the habitat. 



In such degraded forms as Corticium-, Badulutn, etc., the 

 carpophore is obsolete, and the receptacle is reduced to a 

 fibrous stratum, which is seated directly upon the mycelium, 

 and only the hymenium receives its proper development. 

 Other genera require little observation, since in some forms of 

 Theleplwra, in Lachnocladium, and in Clavaria and its allies, 



