THE CARPOPHORE 



23 



according to the different genera. In certain cases, as in 

 Aspergillus and Bhopalomyces, they are simple and unbranched 

 up to the top (Fig. 7), but in the larger number of genera they 

 are branched in the upper portion. Very often a great 

 number of these car- 

 pophores are produced 

 in a large woolly- 

 looking patch, not 

 rarely for an inch or 

 two in length. Endo- 

 genous moulds, which 

 produce mycelium in 

 the interior of the 

 tissues, send up little 

 tufts of carpophores 

 through the stomata, 

 and these grow in 

 patches. Well-known 

 examples are to be 

 found in the genus 

 Peronospora, such as 

 the mould on parsnips and onions (Fig. 8). In the genus 

 Bamularia the mycelium is internal, and the conidiophores pass 

 in the same manner out into the atmosphere ; but they are 

 usually short, often unbranched, with a single conidium. In 

 Oidium the mycelium is external, and the erect hyphae are 

 simple, but it is only the short lower portion which is truly a- 

 carpophore, for the upper portion is constricted successively, 

 and the joints fall off as they are formed, and become 

 conidia. 



There are also genera in which the carpophore is compound 

 — that is to say, a number of threads are combined so as to 

 form a common stem, which is consequently thicker and more 

 permanent. Either these individual hyphae diverge at the 

 apex, or they remain united and form a capitulum, as in Stilbwm. 

 When the combined threads form only a short erumpent 

 stroma, as in Tvbercularia (Fig. 9), the carpophore is reduced 

 nearly to its lowest denomination, and is scarcely more than 

 an erumpent pustule. All the foregoing forms are repeated in 



Fig. 8. — Branched carpophore of Peronospora. ^ 



