CAPSULAR FUNGI— PYRENOMYCETES 209 



on the living leaves of maple, belongs to the Sphaeropsideae 

 in that condition, but after resting on the ground during the 

 winter, asci and sporidia are developed. 



The third subfamily, Stigmatoideae, includes genera in 

 which the perithecia are distinct from each other, and therefore 

 divergent from the family type, and approaching the Super- 

 ficiales of the old genus Sphaeria. Hypospila has, however, a 

 feature which associates it with Dothideoideae, in the definite 

 stroma in which the perithecia are immersed; and also, on 

 this account, Trabutia shows a relationship with Phyllachora. 

 In the genera Stigmatea and Parodiella the perithecia are 

 superficial and globose, often found growing on living leaves ; 

 but in Stigmatea there is a very minute ostiolum, and in Paro- 

 diella none at all; hence the latter suggests Perisporiaceae. 



In the subfamily Melogrammeae the perithecia are either 

 formed from the stroma or confluent with it, and are not car- 

 bonaceous, but tough and coriaceous, sometimes soft, but not 

 brittle, and occasionally coloured. They are densely caespitose, 

 but usually almost free at the apex, and destitute of any 

 definite neck. In most cases the tufts, or clusters, are erum- 

 pent, connate below, and confluent with the stroma. In habit 

 approaching to Diatrypeae rather than to Dothideoideae, but 

 the perithecia are more distinct and clustered, as in Cucur- 

 bitaria, and not confluent above, so as to form a disc. The 

 genus Sarcoxylon is rather a remarkable one, as it forms a 

 globose stroma, in one species as large as an orange, and solid, 

 with the perithecia sunk in the substance, and over the whole 

 surface, as in Daldinia ; but the crust is soft and never carbon- 

 aceous, and the perithecia are thin and membranaceous. The 

 sporidia are coloured, and hence it is analogous with some 

 species of Xylaria. Botryosphaeria is a rather numerous genus, 

 with erumpent, botryoid, or grape-like clusters of perithecia, 

 analogous to Cucurlitaria, but less distinct ; in the majority of 

 species the sporidia are large and hyaline, consisting of a single 

 cell. Undothia resembles Diatrype in habit, with a bright 

 yellow stroma. Fuckelia contains species which resemble an 

 erumpent Hypoxylon, having a subglobose stroma with im- 

 mersed perithecia ; but the substance is tough and rather 

 flexible, not at all carbonaceous or brittle. The sporidia are 



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