CAPSULAR FUNGI— PYRENOMYCETES 217 



necks of the perithecia visible on the surface. The small 

 genus Endoxyla includes such species as have sausage-shaped 

 sporidia, which are slightly coloured. The bulk of the species 

 are included in Xylosphaeria, having sporidia somewhat 

 elliptical, either continuous or septate, and brown. Here 

 again the subgenera include the various types of sporidia, for 

 in Anthostoma they are continuous, in Phaeosperma uniseptate, 

 in Kalmitsia three, or more, septate ; and those with muriform 

 sporidia are relegated to be a distinct genus under the name 

 of Thyridium, on account of a sort of effused woody stroma 

 in which the perithecia are immersed. 



From these lignicolous or wood- inhabiting groups we 

 pass to the subfamily Obtertae, which almost corresponds to 

 the Sphaeriae obtectae of Fries. The perithecia are innate, 

 growing on bark, and covered by the cuticle. One of the 

 most notable genera is Massaria, in which the sporidia exude 

 from the perithecia, and blacken the matrix around the ostiola. 

 The sporidia are nearly always involved in a hyaline gluten, 

 and many of them are very large and beautiful. In the 

 typical section they are two, or more, septate, and coloured ; 

 but in the subgenus Massariella only uniseptate, and in the 

 subgenus Massarina multiseptate, but uncoloured. The sub- 

 genus Pleomassaria includes such species as have muriform 

 sporidia. In fructification this genus corresponds to Pseudo- 

 valsa amongst the composite Pyrenomyceteae, but differs, of 

 course, in the distinctly scattered perithecia and the mucous 

 envelope of the sporidia. In the genus Oryptosphaeria we 

 encounter a remote resemblance to the Eutypeae; for the 

 perithecia are densely gregarious, sometimes in patches of 

 some inches in length, but without stroma of any kind. The 

 perithecia are smooth and naked, and the sporidia sausage- 

 shaped and hyaline. In Enchnoa the perithecia are fewer and 

 scattered, but externally pilose. Another genus which in- 

 cludes only species with hyaline continuous sporidia is 

 Physalospora, in which the perithecia are scattered over 

 twigs and branches, covered by the cuticle, so as only to be 

 recognised by the slight elevations with the central dot of the 

 ostiolum. In Endophlam the habit is similar but the sporidia 

 different, being one or more times septate ; as, for instance, in 



