CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN BIRDS. 393 



and in Manitoba. (W. Raine.) Common from Cape Henrietta 

 Maria, Hudson bay, to Missinabi, Ont., in late August and September. 

 A few breed at Cape Henrietta Maria. (Spreadborough.) Specimens 

 of the true alpestris were taken by myself at Rat Portage, and at 

 Carberry, in the fall. (E. T. Seton.) We have one specimen of 

 the species taken at Ottawa, May 15, 1890, by Mr. W. E. Saunders. 

 Mr. Saunders is of the opinion that Mr. Raine is wrong in thinking 

 that alpestris bred at Toronto. 



474a. Pallid Horned Lark. 



Otocoris alpestris arcticola, Oberholser. 1902. 



In summer, Alaska (chiefly the interior) with th? valley of the 

 Yukon river. Breeding birds have been examined from Fort 

 Yukon and St. Michael, Alaska; and from Fort Reliance, Yukon 

 river, Yukon district. Non-breeding specimens have been examined 

 from Chilliwack, Sumas Prairie, Osoyoos, Okanagan, and Revel- 

 stoke, B.C. ; also from St. Louis, Sask. (Oberholser.) 



Alaska and western British America, southward in winter into 

 the United States. A few breeding birds from the Saskatchewan 

 and Great Slave lake region, though tinged with yellow on the 

 chin, are, on account of size and colours somewhat paler than 

 alpestris referable to leucolcenia; so too, are large dark birds with 

 white eyebrows and pale yellow chins found in winter in the upper 

 Mississippi valley, coming as they doubtless do from an intermediate 

 region between Hudson bay and Alaska. Breeding birds of these 

 two races are few and limited mainly to those taken on Government 

 expeditions; consequently I do not draw the lines on the map as 

 closely together as with some of the other races better defined. 

 Two young, in first plumage, taken on the Arctic coast, east of the 

 Anderson river, may be referred to this race. While they are not 

 as black and white as might be expected in Alaskan birds, they 

 lack the general yellowishness of young alpestris from Newfound- 

 land. In winter leucolaema is found as far south as the middle of 

 the western United States, mostly east of the Sierra Nevada moun- 

 tains. Northwest coast specimens indicate that a small-sized 

 leucoloema may breed in the mountains not far north of the United 

 States boundary, though such birds may generally be referred to 

 merrilli. A male in autumn plumage, taken August 26th at Chief 



