CONTENTS 



I. Introduction 



PAGE 



9 



II. The Leaf: its uses — Transpiration; Respiration and 

 Food Production ; The Typical Leaf and its Parts ; 

 Veining ; Branched Leaves ; Phyllotaxy, or Leaf Ar- 

 rangement ; Leaf Adjustment ; Transformations of 

 Leaves; Field Work . . .... 15 



III. Fruits — Fleshy Fruits ; Dry Fruits; Indehiscent; Dry 



Fruits ; Dehiscent Fruits ; Accessory, Aggregate, and 

 Collective Fruits ; Field Work ... .63 



IV. Seeds AND Seedlings — Monocotyledons and Polycoty- 



ledons ; Dicotyledons ; Forms and Growth of Seed ; 

 Germination ; Seedlings ; Growth ; Field Work . 87 



V Roots and Underground Stems — Function and Struc- 

 ture of Roots ; Fleshy Roots ; Sub-aerial Roots ; 

 Underground Stems ; Plant Food ; Field Work . . 120 



VI. The Stem Proper — Stem Forms and U.ses ; Stems of 

 Monocotyledons ; Stems of Dicotyledons ; Movement 

 of Water through the Stem ; Wood Structure ; Field 

 Work . . 142 



VII. Buds and Branches — Branching Stems ; Buds; Inflor- 

 escence; Field Work 173 



VI II . The Flower — Hypogynous Monocotyledons ; Epigynous 

 Monocotyledons ; Dicotyledons ; The Corolla ; Suppres- 

 sions, Alterations, and Appendages ; Nature and Office 

 of the Flower; Pollination; Field Work . . . ig6 



IX. Ecology — Ecological Factors; Plant Societies; Field 



Work 237 



