FLESHY FRUITS 65 



and sepals of the apple blossom with the stem.) Notice 

 how and where the stem is attached to the fruit. Label 

 the external portion of the stem peduncle, the upper part, 

 from which the fibrovascular bundles branch, the torus, 

 or receptacle. It is the enlargement of this which forms 

 the iieshy part of the fruit. ^ Try to find out, with the aid 

 of your lens and dissecting pins, the exact spot at which 

 the seeds are attached to the carpels, and label this point 

 placenta. Notice whether it is in the axis where the 

 carpels all meet at their inner edges, or on the outer side. 

 Observe, also, whether the seed is attached to the placenta 

 by its big or its little end. If you can find a tiny thread 

 that attaches the seed to the carpel, label it funiculus, or 

 seed stalk. 



76. Use of the Rind. — Select two apples of equal size, 

 peel one, and then weigh both. After twelve to twenty- 

 four hours, weigh them again. Which has lost most .? 

 What is the use of the rind t Place peeled and unpeeled 

 fruits in an exposed place and see which is most readily 

 attacked by insects. Which decays soonest .' 



Write under the sketches that you have made the word 

 pome, which is the botanical name for this kind of fruit. 

 Write a definition of a pome. 



77. Modifications of the Pome. — Compare with the draw- 

 ings you have made, a haw and a hip. What points of 

 agreement do you see .^ What differences } Which of the 

 two more closely resembles the typical pome .? 



The pome is not the only fruit of which the receptacle 

 forms a part. Other well-known instances of this sort of 

 modification are the fig, lotus, and calycanthus (see Figs. 

 123, 124); but a fruit is not a pome unless the containing 

 receptacle becomes more or less soft and edible. The 

 receptacle is subject tp a great variety of modifications and 

 forms a part of many fruits. 



1 See Pome, " American Encyclopedia of Horticulture," Macmillan Co. 

 ANDREWS'S BOT. — 5 



