DRY FRUITS 



71 



the so-called seeds of the thistle, dandelion, etc., is a small, 

 dry, one-seeded indehiscent fruit, 

 so like a naked seed that it is 

 generally taken for one by per- 

 sons who are not acquainted with 

 botany. It is the commonest of 

 all fruits, and there are so many 

 kinds that special names have been 

 applied to some of the most marked 

 varieties. The achene of the com- 

 posite family may generally be 



known by the various appendages vUWki 



in the form of scales, hooks, hairs, 



or chaff, that crown it (Figs. 137- 



142). This appendage is always 



called a pappus, no matter under 



what form it occurs. It is fre- 



135, 136. — Achenes (magni- 

 fied) : 13s, of buckwheat ; 136, 

 of cinquefoil. 



137-142. — Achenes of the composite family (Gray) : 137, mayweed (no pap- 

 pus) ; 138, chicory (its pappus a shallow cup) ; 139, sunflower (pappus of two 

 deciduous scales); 140, snee/.eweed (Helenium), wilh its pappus of five scales; 

 141, sow thistle, with its pappus of delicate downy hairs ; 142, dandelion, tapering 

 below the pappus into a long beak. 



quently deciduous, as in the sunflower, and sometimes 



wanting altogether, as in 

 the mayweed. 



89. Cremocarp is the 

 name given to the fruit 

 of the parsley family. 

 It is merely a sort of 



143-145. — Cremocarps, fruits of the parsley double achcne attached 



'^^"'''^- by the inner faces to a 



slender stalk called the carpophore, or carpel bearer, from 



