BUDS 



I8S 



259. Arrangement of Scars. — Examine the leaf scars 

 at the nodes of a twig of tuHp tree, fig, or magnolia, and 

 notice the ring encircling the stem at each 

 (Fig. 339). These are the scars left by the 

 stipular scales of the past season as they 

 fell away. Where a pair of scales is attached 

 with each separate leaf, they are carried 

 apart as the nodes lengthen, and thus the 

 scars are scattered, a pair at each node all 

 along the stem, instead of being compacted 

 into bands at the base of the bud. They 

 are sometimes very persistent, as in the 

 common fig, where they may often be traced 

 distinctly on stems ten to fif- 

 teen years old. 



339- ■ 



Stem of 

 tulip tree: j,j, scars 

 left by stipular 

 scales : /,/, leaf 

 scars, 



260. Vernation. — Notice 

 how the two halves of the 

 leaflets are doubled together 

 by their inner faces and then bent over on 

 the petiole (Fig. 336). The first is called 

 340.— A partly condupHcate, and is common in the redbud, 



expanded leaf of 



beech, showing rose, pcach, cherry, oak, Japan quince, etc. ; 

 piicate-condupii- ^]^g sccond is the inflexed mode of vernation. 



cate vernation. ^ 



This mixed vernation is very common. In the 

 elm and beech the two halves of the leaf are first plicate 

 and then conduplicate to each other (Fig. 340); in the 

 purple magnolia and chinquapin they are conduplicate- 

 plicate. 



341-345. — Diagrams of vernation: 341, conduplicate (oak); 342, convolute 

 (cherry) ; 343, revolute (dock) ; 344, involute (balsam poplar) ; 345, plicate 

 (sycamore) . 



