CHRONIC CATARRHAL ENTERITIS IN SOLIPEDS. 



Causes : As in acute : troubles of circulation, heart, lungs, verminous 

 embolism, parasitism, skin disease. Lesions : thickening of mucosa, pig- 

 mentation, rigidity, hypertrophy of villi, follicles and glands, ulceration, 

 polypi. Symptoms : impaired appetite, buccal fcEtor, retracted flank, 

 unthrifty skin, pallid mucosas, colics, tympanies, rumblings, irregular 

 bowels, emaciation, perspiration, fatigue. Treatment : dietetic, tonic, 

 bitters, salines, aromatics, enemata, bismuth, laudanum, calomel and chalk, 

 iron, astringents, counter-irritants, electricity, sunshine. 



Causes. This may occur from a continuance of the same causes- 

 as in the acute, or from an imperfect recovery from the acute form. 

 It may result from troubles in the circulation, as valvular disease 

 of the heart, or emphysema of the lungs, which forces the blood 

 back on the venous system, including the liver and portal vein. 

 Or the lesions that come from verminous embolism may leave 

 such alteration in the intestinal walls as entail chronic congestion 

 of the mucosa, or intestinal parasites may be the cause. Severe 

 and inveterate skin diseases appear to affect the intestinal muccsa 

 by sympathy, just as diseases of that muco.sa u.sually entail skin 

 diseases. 



Lesions. Attenuation of the coats of the small intestine and 

 thickening of the mucosa of the large have been noticed. The 

 muco.sa is darkly pigmented and covered with excess of mucus. 

 The thickening of the mucosa may extend into the sub-mucous 

 tissue, giving a firm leathery feeling to the part, and entailing a 

 loss of elasticity. The villi are hypertrophied and the follicles of 

 Lieberkuhn and Peyers' patches may be congested, ulcerated or 

 otherwise altered. Polypoid growths are not uncommon on the 

 mu.co.sa, and the mesenteric glands are enlarged and pigmented. 



Symptoms are by no means very definite. Disturbance of the 

 digestive functions, capricious or impaired appetite, dry fcetid 

 mouth, tucked up abdomen, dry hair and skin, pallor of the 

 visible raucous membranes, slight intermittent colics and tympanies, 

 loud rumblings in the bowels, and relaxed bowels, or alternate 

 co.stiveness and diarrhoea, with some tenderness on manipulation 

 of the abdomen are the u.sual symptoms. The animal lojses flesh, 

 has dry, unthrifty coat, and .sweats and is easily exhausted at 

 work. 



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