Crypiogamic Poisoning in Solipeds. 291 



and eurotium herbarium which form a greenish white or 

 brownish dust. The spceria herbarium is characterized by 

 small black or brown spots with yellowish, brown or black spores. 

 The peronspora trifolium attacks growing clover (clover sick- 

 ness) and isaria fuciformis the fescue grasses. The latter has 

 a red color and mucous consistency and is charged with pro- 

 ducing fatal poisoning in cattle. 



Mouldy or musty oats, or other grain or fodder have long 

 been notorious for producing diuresis in horses with exce-ssive 

 elimination of phosphates, extreme emaciation, weakness and 

 death. In other seasons, and probably because of a difference 

 in the fungi or their products they have caused widespread en- 

 zootics of indigestion with paresis of stomach and bowels, and of 

 the systemic muscles. Paraplegia is a common manifestation, 

 suggesting lesions of the spinal cord, and in other cases there are 

 general paresis, somnolence and delirum suggesting cerebral 

 lesions, (Staggers). 



Gillespie records an enzootic of gastro-intestinal indigestion 

 and tympany among the horses of a battery of artillery in Af- 

 ghanistan from eating mouldy grass. Frohner, Martin and Var- 

 nell have seen cases of poisoning by moulds without digestive, 

 urinary or febrile troubles. 



Of rusts growing on grain crops there are two chief varieties ; 

 the spring rust {uredo rubigo vera) which commences as light 

 yellow patches oil the leaves and stems, which change to black as 

 the fungus approaches maturity ; and the summer rust {uredo 

 linearis) which grows to a larger size and assumes a browner 

 color. Each of these passes through an evolutionary cycle, the 

 small preliminary patches (uredo) pa.ssing into the mature fun- 

 gus (puccinia rubigo vera and puccinia graminis.) Then it 

 must pass through an alternate generation on another family of 

 plants before it can again grow on the gramineas. 



Bunt produced by the tilletia caries attacks the grasses and 

 small grains. The growing .seed (wheat especially) is changed 

 into a black or olive colored powder, having a fi.shy odor. If the 

 Stems are attacked the leaves become pale, withered and dry. It 

 can only be detected by carefully examining the individual seeds. 



Other forms of smut are the ustilago carbo and ustilago maidis 

 the familiar black smuts of small grains and maize. These de- 



