332 Veterinary Medicine. 



In many cases laparotomy is the only hopeful resort. Felizet 

 and Degive have been quite successful in removing corks in this 

 way, and Frohner advises the operation to be performed under 

 opium narcosis, and with antiseptic precautions. Make an in- 

 cision of I ^ inch near the umbilicus and parallel to the linea 

 alba, extract the blocked loop of intestine, ligature it in front of 

 the foreign bbdy and behind it, incise, remove the offending mass 

 and carefully close by sutures, bringing the muscular and serous 

 coats in accurate opposition. Remove the ligatures, disinfect, 

 return the bowel into the abdomen, close the abdominal wound 

 with sutures and apply an antiseptic bandage. 

 • If such cases are to be operated on it is important that it be 

 done early, before the occurrence of necrcsis, ulceration, perfora- 

 tion, or general infection. 



RUPTURE OF THE INTESTINE. SOWPEDS. 



Causes : overdistensions in front of obstructions, softening, friability, ne- 

 crosis, suppuration or ulceration. Duodenum from worms or perforation by 

 pointed bodies, exudate in verminous embolism, petechial fever. Jejunum 

 and ileum, by disease of walls, ulcers, abscesses, neoplasms, caustics in 

 umbilical hernia, clamping of hernia. Caecum, falls, blows, kicks, blows 

 of horn, tusk, stump, calculi, abscesses, cauterizing of hernia. Colon, ex- 

 ternal traumas, calculi, worms, verminous thrombosis, neoplasms, abscesses, 

 overdistensions, violent straining, arsenic. Symptoms : follow accident, 

 signs of obstruction, no rumbling, tympany, stiffness, great prostration, 

 fever. Death in short time. 



Causes. Ruptures occur as we have already seen from over- 

 distensions of the bowel in front of some obstruction, by ingesta, 

 concretions, calculi, foreign bodies, etc., and this may take place 

 in the most healthy organs. In other cases, however, there has 

 been some pathological process at work rendering the intestinal 

 wall .soft, friable, necrotic, suppurative or ulcerative, by which 

 its sub.stance is attenuated or its consistency or cohesion reduced. 



Duodenum. Lacerations of the duodenum are often con- 

 nected with ob.struction by tumors or the ravages of worms. 

 These latter are mostly the ascaris megalocephala, accumulated 



