Other Forms of Hernia. — Paralysis of the Rectum. 371 

 OTHER FORMS OF HERNIA. 



The other forms of hernia (umbilical, inguinal, scrotal, 

 femoral, ventral, vaginal, ischiatic) are essentially surgical and 

 need not be further referred to here, than to guard the reader 

 against overlooking them as factors in producing intestinal and 

 omental strangulation and colic. They are all to be recognized 

 by the presence of a local swelling, which may often be ob- 

 literated by returning its contents into the abdominal cavity, 

 which .sensibly enlarges when the animal is made to cough, and 

 which, if made up of inte-stine, is subject to gaseous distension, 

 and gurgles when manipulated and returned. A violent colic 

 occurring in a male animal should never be considered as certainly 

 diagnosticated until the scrotal and inguinal region have been 

 ■ carefully examined for hernia. 



PARAI.YSIS OF THE RECTUM. 



In solipeds, ruminants, swine, carnivora. Injuries to loins and croup. 

 Palsy of tail and sphincters. Nerve centres in end of,' cord. Fractures and 

 dislocations of the pelvis. Hsemoglobinuria. Advanced gestation. Sclerosis. 

 Ovariotomy by vagina. Impaction of rectum. Neoplasms. Thrombosis of 

 internal iliac artery. Ptomaines and toxins in fevers. Symptoms : tardy 

 defecation, impaction, over distension, faeces firm, dry, roller like, liquid 

 oozing, excoriation, foul tail and thighs, bulging of anus, incontinence of 

 urine. Paresis and wasting of quarter. Treatment : remove cause, for 

 sprains and fractures sling, treat myelitis, debility, poisoning, unload rec- 

 tum often, oily or soapy enemata, strychnia, eserine, ergot, barium chloride, 

 derivations. 



This is much more common in the horse than in ruminants, 

 swine or carnivora, mainly becau.se the soliped is more exposed 

 to traumatic injuries of the loins, croup, and pelvic bones. It is 

 noticeable that in the majority of cases the paralysis of the rec- 

 tum is connected with palsy of the tail, anus, and sphincter 

 vesicae. This comes from the anatomical fact that the centres 

 presiding over the motions of these different parts are situated 

 close to each other in the terminal portion of the spinal cord, and 

 any lesion of that part by traumatism or disease is likely to affect 

 all of these parts alike. 



