422 Veterinary Medicine. ' 



symptoms, and especially the bulimia, the polydipsia, the 

 polyuria, the rapidly advancing emaciation, weakness, and pros- 

 tration and the ocular troubles, but conclusive evidence is only 

 found in the presence of glucose permanently in the urine. 



Tests for Sugar in the Urine. For one who can go through 

 it the touching of the tip of the tongue with a drop of the sus- 

 pected urine will give a prompt and reliable test. 



Fehling's cupric test is the next be.st for simplicity and avail- 

 ability. Dissolve 34.639 grammes (i^^ oz.) pure cupric sulphate 

 in 200 cubic centimeters of distilled water : 173 grammes (6 ozs. ) 

 of pure neutral .sodio-potassic tartrate and 80 grammes of potassium 

 hydrate in 500 cubic centimetres of distilled water. Add the 

 copper .solution .slowly to the potassium one and dilute the clear 

 mixture to one litre. One cubic centimeter of this fluid will be 

 discolorized by 0.005 gramme of sugar ; or 200 grains will be 

 discolorized by i grain of sugar. 



Trammer's test is even simpler for a mere qualitative 

 te.st. Pour the suspected urine, freed from albumen, into a te-st- 

 tube and add a .solution of cau.stic potas,sa or soda until distinctly 

 alkaline. Should this throw down earthy phosphates or carbon- 

 ates filter these out. Then add drop by drop a solution of pure 

 cupric sulphate in distilled water (3.5 : 100) so long as it throws 

 down a yellowish red precipitate of oxide of copper. When the 

 supernatent liquid remains clear and assumes a distinctly bluish 

 tint, the sugar has all been precipitated. The amount of precipitate 

 is a criterion of the quantity of sugar, which may be otherwise 

 estimated by the amount of copper .salt used. 



The fermentation test is made by adding a teaspoonful of liquid 

 yeast to four ounces of the suspected urine, stopping the flask 

 lightly and placing it in a temperature of 60° to 80° F. for 12 to 

 24 hours when the sugar will have been converted into alcohol 

 and dioxide of carbon. The loss of weight will indicate the 

 amount of sugar, as al.so will the lowering of the specific gravity. 

 If before testing the urine was 1060, and after 1035, it contained 

 15 grains of .sugar to the fluid ounce. 



Prognosis. This is always rendered more grave in the horse 

 than in man, because of the impossibility of putting him on a 

 purely albuminous diet. The great tendency is to a rapidly fatal 

 i.ssue, especially in cases of irremediable structural lesions in the 

 brain and liver. Where the di.sorder is largely functional, as in 



