H/zmoglobincsmia. —Azotemia. — Etc. 451 



limbs and crouching become extreme, the animal makes vain 

 efforts to control the muscles and extend the joints, and help- 

 lessly drops to the ground. When down he moves his legs con- 

 vulsively, but is unable to coordinate the muscular movements 

 and all efforts to rise are unavailing. 



The spasms and paresis may attack other parts of the body 

 such as the pectoral region the shoulders and even the abdomen, 

 but the earliest and most persistent disorder is usually in the 

 divisions of the lumbo-sacral plexus affecting the supra or sub- 

 lumbar muscles, the gluteals, the patellar (triceps,) the adductors 

 and the abductors. The caudal muscles are exceptionally in- 

 volved. In a series of ten cases Bouley noticed that the left hind 

 limb was always the first paralyzed (evidently a simple coinci- 

 dence) . 



Urine may be passed freely or the bladder may be paretic so 

 that it must be emptied with the catheter. In severe cases the 

 urine is of a high density and of a dirty brownish gray, red or 

 almost black color. It contains no blood clots, nor blood 

 globules, but granular haemoglobin, tyrosin and other waste 

 products contribute to produce the reddish color. In some in- 

 stances there is an abundant metalbumen which renders the liquid 

 glairy, causing it to fall in fine threads or films. Urea is usually 

 present in great excess. Hippuric and even uric acid are usually 

 present but not in excess. When the disease has advanced to 

 nephritis the albuminuria is complicated by the presence of casts 

 of the uriniferous tubes, renal epithelium, white and even red 

 blood globules. 



During the violence of the attack there is no disposition nor 

 lei.sure to eat, but when the more violent symptoms abate appetite 

 is usually manifested. There may be more or less paresis of both 

 bowels and bladder, so that neither faeces nor urine is passed yet 

 in other cases both are discharged spontaneously. 



The senses are preserved, excepting in the case of the affected 

 muscles and the integument which covers them. There may, 

 however, be more or less dullness and stupor in certain cases from 

 poisoning of the cerebral centres by the poisons circulating in the 

 blood. 



Mild Cases. In the mildest cases there is stiffness and lame- 

 ness in one, or less frequently in both hind limbs, coming on 



