Catarrhal Icterus (^Jaundice) in Dogs. 467 



sent through the region of the liver, but in the horse this is rarely 

 demanded. 



A course of bitters, with bicarbonate of soda in small doses, 

 may be demanded to reestablish the healthy tone of the stomach 

 and intestines, and a run at pasture, or at least an open air life, 

 exercise, and a laxative diet with abundance of good water 

 should be secured. Any undue costiveness should be counter- 

 acted at once by a saline laxative. , 



CATARRHAL ICTERUS (JAUNDICE) IN DOGS. 



Pampered artificial life of dogs as predisposition. Eating carrion. Chills 

 especially when heated and exhausted. Infection from bowels. Obstruc- 

 tion of gall duct by inflammation, calculi, neoplasms. Catarrhal exudate 

 as a protector of microbes. Toxins from intestines, food or water. Youth, 

 lack of acclimation, mental shock, blocking of bowel, blood effusion in 

 gall bladder, incubation. Symptoms : signs of gastro-enteritis, prostration 

 with invasion of the liver and especially of the kidney. Icteric urine with- 

 out jaundiced mucosa. Gravity of icterus with suppression of urine. 

 Hypochondriac tenderness, arched back, dullness, irregular bowels, excited 

 circulation and breathing, preliminary fever tends to subside, tympany, colic, 

 trembling. Death in one or two days or more. I^esions : congestion, 

 degeneration, ecchymosis, ulceration of gastro-duodenal mucosa, extending 

 into liver ducts and acini, bile inspissated, liver enlarged, yellowish brown, 

 softened, fatty, shrunken, distorted hepatic cells. Kidneys congested, 

 ecchymosed, cortical part with necrotic foci ; lymph glands congested. 

 Diagnosis : by icterus of tissues and urine tests. Prognosis : grave in acute 

 cases, more hopeful in tardy ones. Treatment : antiseptics, cholagogues, salol, 

 salicylates, alkalies, carbonates, tartrates, iodides, laxatives, cold enemata, 

 aloes, electricity", water freely, pilocarpin, strychnia, aquaregia, digitalis, 

 bitters, muriatic acid, convalescent diet. 



Causes. The dog is much more subject to jaundice than the 

 horse, and the affection is liable to be much more severe, than in 

 solipeds. He leads a more artificial life, especially in cities, 

 where the lack of open air exercise, and of the facility for attend- 

 ing to nature's wants, together with an excessive, varied, stimu- 

 lating diet predisposes him to constipation, indigestion, and 

 disorders of the stomach, bowels and liver. In other cases the 

 devouring of decomposing food and foul water proves a cause of 



