476 Veterinary Medicine. 



woolen coverings, or with hot bricks similarly wrapped, and 

 should only be let out for food when they are completely dried, 

 or when the weather has moderated. 



Therapeutic treatment may be commenced by a dose of aloes 

 giveu to the dam, or of olive or castor oil or manna given to the 

 offspring. As a substitute sulphate of soda may be used. 

 Antiseptics like salicylate of soda, salol, or the sulphites may be 

 added. To act as a demulcent on the alimentary and urinary 

 tracts, well boiled flaxseed tea is usually recommended. Weak- 

 ness may be met by warm .strong coffee, .salicin, quiuia, or other 

 bitters, and more stimulatiUg agents like camphor, angelica, 

 assafoetida, or even oil of turpentine may be added. Diarrhoea 

 may be checked by liniseed tea, mustard plasters, or in obstinate 

 cases, by opium. Elimination should be sought by administering 

 abundance of pure water or watery demulcents, and even by the 

 use of alkalies like bicarbonates of soda or potash. A moderately 

 free action of the bowels must be constantly maintained. 



Antiseptic treatment of the navel and umbilical veins must not 

 be overlooked. 



LUPINOSIS, ACUTE TOXEMIC ICTERUS, ACUTE 

 YELIvOW ATROPHY OF THE LIVER. 



Attacks sheep, goat, ox, horse, stag; and, experimentally, dog. Causes : 

 consumption of lupins, at a given stage of ripeness, from a given part of a 

 field, or from centre of a stack. I^upinotoxine, conicine, methyl conicine, 

 lupinine. Cryptogamic or bacterial poison. Weak subjects, sheep and 

 even ewes and lambs, suffer most. Symptoms : Acute form : anorexia, 

 fever, excited pulse and breathing, stupor, or hyperaesthesia, vertigo, swell- 

 ings on head. Poisonous lupins are first rejected. Bloody nasal froth. In 

 two or three days icterus. Urine may be bloody. Faeces at first hard, 

 coated, bloody, later dark brown and often liquid. Emaciation. Death in 

 I to 5 days. Chronic form, gastro-enteritis, emaciation, anaemia. Nasal 

 catarrh. Facial swellings and sores. Lesions : hepatitis, nephritis, muco- 

 enteritis, enlarged spleen, icterus, blood extravasations ; hepatic tissue, in- 

 filtrated, cloudy, granular, fatty, later cirrhosis. Kidneys contain casts : 

 Spleen tumid, blood gorged. Prognosis : grave : acute cases die, chronic 

 may recover. Prevention : feed no lupins, avoid dangerous fields, wash off 

 poison from lupins with a soda solution. Ensilage with acid producing 

 fodder in alternate layers. Treatment : avoid alkalies, give acids, purga- 



