Lupinosis, Acute Toxmmic Icterus. 481 



sioii of lupins from the ration. Where this is undesirable the 

 fields that produce poisonous lupins can be ascertained and devoted 

 to the production of other crops. When a crop of lupins has 

 already been produced on a dangerous field the poison may be 

 extracted from the fodder or subjected to the action of an anti- 

 dote. Fortunately the poison is concentrated on the surface of 

 the lupin and is easily washed off. 



Dammann advises to leave the cut forage exposed to the rain so 

 that the poison may be wa.shed off. A more prompt and effective 

 plan would be to put the fodder under a stream of water from a 

 hose, and it could be fed while still fresh and unaltered. Fried- 

 berger and Frohner directs that the forage be steeped for forty- 

 eight hours in a soda solution (1:100) to dissolve off the offensive 

 matter, after which it may be washed and safely fed. 



Glaser would put the lupins in a silo, in alternate layers with 

 some material which rapidly undergoes acid fermentation 

 (brewers grains, maize, pulped roots). The acid renders the 

 poison insoluble and is directly antidotal. To develope this acid 

 it is important to put the materials into the silo before they have 

 become too far matured. 



The destruction of the poison by .steaming the fodder under a 

 pressure of two atmospheres, as recommended by Kuhn and 

 Roloff requires a too elaborate apparatus for ordinary use. 



Therapeutic treatment. The first desideratum is to render in- 

 soluble any poison which has already entered the alimentary 

 canal. Alkalies, as .solvents and distributers of the poison must 

 be carefully avoided and acids (acetic, nitric, hydrochloric, sul- 

 phuric) freely used. These may be mixed with the drinking 

 water or given from a bottle. If appetite is still retained, they 

 may be mixed with the food, or acid aliment (sour ensilage, old 

 grains, or fermented swill) may be supplied. 



The next resort is a purgative to eliminate the poison from 

 the alimentary canal. But the cathartics usually given to the 

 ruminants are dangerous. Sulphate of soda undergoing decom- 

 position, furnishes an alkaline solvent for the poison. Castor oil 

 is therefore to be preferred. 



An abundance of water will favor the action of both bowels 

 and kidneys and hasten the elimination of the poiiBon which may 

 have been already absorbed into the system. 



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