482 Veterinary Medicine. 



European writers recommend the use of the flesh as human 

 food, unless the animal had reached the last stage of the disease. 



Symptoms of Lupinosis in the Horse. There is always the 

 history of the presence of lupins in the oats, or of lupin straw as 

 a food or litter. Though less fatal than in sheep the disease sets 

 in with great severity, the symptoms referring especially to 

 gastro-enteritis, and disorders of innervation. There is com- 

 plete anorexia, impaired sensibility, dullness and stupor, the 

 head resting on the manger or drooping with the nose near the 

 ground. There is grinding of the teeth, colicy symptoms, and 

 constipation, the faeces being pas.sed as a few small, hard balls 

 covered with mucus and foetid. Urine is pa.ssed frequently in small 

 amount and albuminous. There is more or less hyperthermia 

 (rising at times to 102° to 103°), the respiration is hurried (36 to 

 40 per minute) and pulse is rapid (60 per minute). Jaundice is 

 usually present but less prominent than in sheep. When moved 

 the animal .sways unsteadily or staggers. Butzert notices, in 

 addition to the above, a thick orange colored discharge from 

 the nose, and the formation of .sores and scabs (mummification) 

 of the lingual mucous membrane, of the lips, of the skin, of the 

 face, and of the pastern, and swelling of the lower parts of the 

 limbs. 



Diagnosis. The development of disease with the above symp- 

 toms, in the inmates of a single stable, or in horses having a 

 common ration, in which the lupines are found, will make 

 diagnosis easy and reasonably certain. 



Prognosis is hopeful or confident. The disea.se is not fatal in 

 the horse. 



Treatment should follow the same lines as in sheep. 



Allied or identical diseases. Friedberger and Frohner quote a 

 number of outbreaks of hepatic inflammation or disorder with 

 icterus in the absence of lupins, but on rations that were other- 

 wise faulty. Haubner describes a " malignant icterus " in sheep 

 feed on malted potatoes ; Sander records a ' ' hepatic typhus ' ' in 

 the horse when fed on inundated pastures ; Reinemann and Jansen 

 speak of a similar affection in animals fed on the straw of peas, 

 beans and vetches. 



