490 Veterinary Medicine. 



lesser hemorrhages may terminate in recovery if there is no, 

 attendant incurable disease. In anthrax, • glanders, cancer, 

 tuberculosis, septicaemia, etc., a favorable issue is not to be 

 looked for. 



Duration. Terminatioti . In sevc^re cases a fatal is.sue may be 

 expected in from five hours to five days. In the milder cases 

 which make a temporary recovery there is great danger of a 

 second hemorrhage from the new vessels in the tissue undergoing 

 organization or from the adjacent degenerate liver tissue. The 

 course of the affection may be altered by snch complications as 

 arthritis (Dieckerhoff), pneumonia, pulmonary thrombosis 

 (Iveblanc), enteritis or peritonitis (Cadeac). 



Treatment is usually of no avail. Rest, and the administra- 

 tion of laxatives and haemostatics, have been especially recom- 

 mended. Of the latter, ergot by the mouth or ergotin subcutem, 

 tends to contraction of the bloodvessels and to check the flow. 

 Ferric chloride is also used, though apt to interfere with hepatic 

 function. Tannic acid, hamamelis, and other astringents may be 

 used instead. Cold water, snow or ice applied to the right hypo- 

 chondrium may act as a check to the hemorrhage. Unless in 

 purely traumatic cases in an otherwise healthy liver, a recovery 

 is at best temporary, and the already degenerate liver is liable to 

 relapse at any moment. In horses and dogs, therefore, recovery 

 is by no means an unmixed good. Meat producing animals 

 that recover should be prepared for the butcher. 



HEPATITIS. 



Forms of hepatitis : Parenchymatous hepatitis. Definition : Degeneration 

 of hepatic cells. Relation to enteritis and nephritis. In horse — causes: — as 

 in congestion, pampering, spoiled fodder, malt, inundated meadows, chill, 

 over-feeding, hot moist climate, hsemoglobinsemia, infection. In cattle — 

 causes : — forcing ration, hot weather, overwork, infection. In dog — causes: 

 — infection from alimentary canal. Lesions : Enlarged, softened liver, 

 round edges, a week later yellow atrophy, granular on section, bloodless. 

 Acini with indefinite margins, cells granular, nuclei lost. In dog centres of 

 softening. Symptoms : — in horse : Attack sudden, rigor, fever, dullness, 

 prostration, yellowish red mucosae, unsteady gait, slight colic, anorexia. 



