Gall Stones in Sheep. 523 



marked indications of tenderness when the right hypochondrium 

 is percussed. Chariot has observed that the only symptoms may 

 be persistent jaundice with scanty, high colored urine, containing 

 some sediment. 



Treatment is essentially the same as in the horse. Vanswieten 

 and Verheyen draw special attention to the fact that whereas bili- 

 ary calculi are very common in cattle during winter, they are 

 rarely found in animals that have been for even a short period 

 on the spring grass. Spring pasture is therefore the best thera- 

 peutic agent. During paroxysms of colic, Glauber salts, or olive 

 oil, antispasmodics and fomentations over the liver are to be 

 tried. In the intervals salicylate of soda, sodium and potassium 

 carbonate, olive oil, chloroform, and ether may be used. Abund- 

 ance of water and aqueous rations are essential. 



GAI.L STONES, IN SHEEP. 



Calculi are very fare. One described by Morton had a brown- 

 ish yellow color on its surface, and a white color spotted with 

 green internally ; it had a bitter taiste, colored saliva yellow, and 

 melted when heated, diffusing the odor of musk. It weighed 

 twelve grains and contained 70 per cent, of cholesterin, calcic 

 phosphate and carbonate and the usual biliary elements. 



But if spherical calculi are rare, concretions and ca,sts of the 

 bile ducts are common, especially in distomato.sis. These are of 

 a yellowish, reddish, greenish or blackish brown, and form gran- 

 ular plates, or veritable cylindroid casts often firmly adherent to 

 the mucous membrane of the duct. 



In such cases the walls of the incrusted ducts are hypertrophied 

 and stand out on the back of the liver as white bands diverging 

 from the portal fissure. 



Apart from the usual symptoms of distomatosis no special indi- 

 cations have been observed. 



Treatment is primarily that for distomatosis, to which the gen- 

 eral measures advised for calculi may be added. 



