Calcareous Nodules and Degenerations of the Liver. 535 



started the lesions, the distension of the gall ducts and the thick- 

 ening of their walls would be likely to indicate their former pres- 

 ence. Glander nodules might be suspected from the absence of a 

 distinct rounded or oval outline, from the lack of a distinct, clear 

 line of demarcation between the nodule and the adjacent liver 

 tissue, and by the manifestation in the periphery of the nodule 

 and around it of free cell proliferation , showing the mode of pro- 

 gression by the invasion of new tissue. If still active, the bacilli 

 .should be discoverable in stained scrapings or sections. There 

 should also be distinct indications of the lesions of glanders in the 

 lyinph glands of the portal fissure, of the mediastinum, of the 

 submaxillary region and of other parts. 



Heiss records an interesting case of general calcification of the 

 horse's liver, with large aneurism of the abdominal aorta, mesen- 

 teric and renal arteries. The liver was thirty-two pounds, 

 puckered on the surface and showed calcic degeneration of the 

 walls of the vessels and hepatic tissue, to such an extent that 

 when the organ was dried it did not add materially to its hard- 

 ness. Microscopically the diseased centres indicated minute blood 

 clots (thrombi), with fibrinous development and cretifaction. 

 The lesions in this case were attributed to multiple emboli in 

 connection with the aneurism. It might suggest further, micro- 

 bian infection of both the aneuristnal and hepatic vessels. In 

 another case of extensive cretifaction of the horse's liver reported 

 by Cszoker, the calcified masses tended to assume rounded forms 

 like tubercle, and had a clear gli-stening surface. 



These lesions are mainly interesting in a pathological sense, and 

 unless they are very extensive do not give rise to appreciable 

 symptoms. 



Treatment could only be prophylactic and directed to the 

 removal of the special conditions, in^ which the calcification 

 originated in a given locality. 



