CONTENTS. 



Page. 



Introduction : 1 



Part I. Historical review of the Laramie problem /. 3 



Early opinion concerning the coal-bearing rocks of the Rocky Mountain region 3 



Relations between the Laramie of the Denver Basin, taken as a standard, and the reported Laramie in 



that and other areas , . . 15 



Arapahoe and Denver formations ; 15 



Raton Mesa region of Colorado and New Mexico '. 18 



Colorado Springs area 20 



Lance formation 25 



Fort Union formation : _ 41 



"Laramie" in the Canadian provinces -. 43 



"Laramie" and Livingston formations in Montana..; ..:....' 48 



Uinta and Green River basins ' ■ 55 



Uinta Basin 55 



Book Cliffs field, Utah and Colorado., : 55 



Grand Mesa and West Elk Mountains, Colorado 56 



Glenwood Springs area, Colorado 57 



Grand Hogback and Danforth Hills area, Colorado 58 



Green River Basin ! 58 



Yampa coal field, Colorado 58 



Little,Snake River area, Colorado and Wyoming 59 



Carbon County, Wyoming, and adjacent* areas... 59 



Black Buttes, Wyoming 61 



Point of Rocks, Wyoming, and vicinity 65 



Southwestern Wyoming 66 



Coalville, Utah, and vicinity 68 



San Juan Basin and adjacent areas in Colorado and New Mexico 69 



"Laramie" in western Texas and "northern Mexico 74 



Judith River formation 77 



Bear River formation " 78 



Present usage of the term Laramie 78 



Is there a type section for the Laramie? 79 



Part II. Geologie relations and flora of the Laramie of the Denver Basin 83 



Lithologic and stratigraphic relations 83 



Animal life of Laramie time in the Denver Basin 84 



Amber in the Laramie of the Denver Basin 87 



Part III. The Laramie flora 89 



Bibliography of papers relating to the Laramie flora in the Denver Basin 89 



Local distribution of the flora 89 



Difficulties in the study of the earlier collections , 92 



Synonyms and changes of interpretation 94 



Laramie plants in the Denver Basin 95 



Biologic relations of the flora 96 



Ecologic relations of the flora 97 



Geologic relations of the flora .■ 99 



Relations to the Montana formations 99 



Relations to the "Lower Laramie" of Carbon County, Wyo ". 100 



Relations to the Denver formation 101 



Relations to the Arapahoe formation .' 102 



Relations to the Lance formation 104 



Relations to the uppermost Cretaceous of the Atlantic Coastal Plain 105 



Relations to the Patoot series of Greenland 105 



Relations to the Upper Cretaceous of Europe 106 



The flora 107 



Index 171 



in 



