103 



falls, breathing rapidly witli wide open nostril.s, tlie head being stn'tdicrl 

 straiglit forwards. The pulse is weali and very quiclc, tremor of muscles 

 may be noted, probably due to the sadden alteration of oxygen 

 metabolism. 



I observed quite similur symptoms after infusion of distilled water 

 into the jugular vein, wliereby haemolysis l)y sub-normal osmotic 

 pressure (hypotony) is caused. 



Acceleration of pulse and respiration are well-known symptoms 

 in piroplasmosis of hoi'se and dog, and human medical science records 

 inclinations to forced respiration of patients suffering from anaiuiia.* 

 Haemolysis is, of course, the principle of both diseases. 



Corresponding with the i^rogress of artificial haemolysis and 

 anaemia the animals lose in condition from day to day and become 

 weak, as a result of which they frequently lie down. The mucous 

 membranes are pale, on account of oligocythaemia and yellow on 

 account of icterus ; the same is the case in piroi)lasmosis. Sometimes 

 it was observed that a horse suddenly, during or immediately after 

 intrajugular injection, fell down, arose after a few minutes and could 

 walk round ; the next day, however, was found lying on the ground 

 unable to rise, and so on, corresponding with the periodical aj)pearance 

 and disappearance of icterus and red urine. 



1 want to draw attention to the fact that paralysis and loss of 

 control of the hind cjiiarters was found in some cases of haemolysis due 

 to isolysines, sometimes in piroplasmosis of dogs and iu baemoglobin- 

 aemia (lumbago) of horses and cattle. This analogy points to a unitary 

 cause in all three instances — haemolysis. 



Else in temperature during an attack of haemolysis was recorded 

 for horses. Fever was also obseiwed in human beings after transfusion. 



Blood examinations were made by means of three methods, which 

 gave indications on : 



(1) Number and shape of red blood corpuscles. 



(2) Viscosity or internal friction of the blood. 



The nionher of erythrocytes (obtained first hy counting with Zeiss- 

 Abbe apparatus) shows intensity and rapidity of the action of the 

 isolysines. The destruction commences on the first day, or sooner or 

 later according to the haemolytic strength of the sernm. It is not 

 always continual but shows periods of increase and decrease. The 

 number of eiythrocytes gives no prognostic indication as to exitus, for 

 an animal might die in spite of a but very slight decrease of the quantity 

 of the red blood corpuscles ; on the other hand, an animal can recover 

 though its erythrocytes had diminished in number to ^. The eventual 

 exitus lethalis does not always occur when the number of blood cells is 

 at a minimum : in some instances it followed after the number had 

 increased again. (Compare examples given later.) Hence there must 

 still be some other factors as cause of d.eath. 



* Kraus, Lul)arsch-Ostertag, Ergebu. 3, iU>, l.S'.lti. 



