108 



1. The Blood. 



After every serious attack of haemolysis the blood is watery and 

 thin, thus showing the loss of corpuscular elements. Sometimes it is 

 found well coagulated and in other cases not. In the former instances 

 the serum is red stained by the haemoglobin dissolved in it, and so is 

 the plasma clot when the corpuscles are deposited before coagulation. 

 In cases of cholaemia (and general Jaundice) plasma clot and serum have 

 a brownish hue. 



Obtiirations of blood vessels by residues of erythrocytes or con- 

 glomerations of agglutinated blood corpuscles are in great pi-obability 

 the cause of the infarcts which are met with in lungs, kidneys, and 

 spleen. It is stated l)y several authors* that in cases of poisoning with 

 specific blood poisons the blood coagulates easier, and even in the livijig 

 animal coagulations take place and in this way blood vessels can be 

 blocked and infarcts and thrombi due to stasis produced.! 



2. S2)leeii. 



The spleen generally is found congested. Spleen tumour has been 

 observed not only in cases of isolysine-haemolysis but also in piroplas- 

 motic infections, malaria, and infections with bacillus typhi, spirochaete 

 recurrentis, streptococi, and staphylococci, that is to say in all diseases 

 accomisanied by destruction of red blood corpuscles and also after 

 experimental poisoning with the very haemoh'^tic j)otassium and sodium 

 chloricumt and toluylendiamin. 



There is now ample evidence that the destruction of erythrocytes 

 alone, without infection is sufficient to produce splenitis and spleen 

 tumor ; but the question remains, which of the products of the 

 decomposition of blood corpuscles is the real cause of the splenitis. 

 Heinz§ says that the morx)hological residues of the destroyed blood 

 corpuscles are chiefly deposited in spleen aad liver, that the spleen 

 cells take the altered blood cells, dissolve them, keep the i^igment back 

 whereby the spleen swells up. According to Biondi (I.e.) the pigment 

 containing the iron which is a derivative of haemoglobin is made in the 

 liver and carried into the spleen by leucocytes, and after being taken 

 by the spleen cells it might act on them as stimulus for hyperplastic and 

 liypei'trophic processes. 



.-). Liver. 



The liver is, after the blood glands, the first affected gland, because 

 the chief decomposition of haemoglobin takes place in it. This work 

 being verj^ miich too great for the liver in cases of pathologically 

 extended destruction of erythrocytes leads to degenerative and regenera- 

 tive processes in this organ. Therefore it is found in almost every case 



* Cit. Kionka, Lubarsch-Ostertag, Ergebu. 7, 51.5, 1900-1901. 



t Several authors go as far as to take the pathological anatomical phenomenon of obturation of vessels 

 or infarcts as one of the specific criteria and even a diagnosticum for blood poisons (sulphites, argentum 

 colloidale, CO, saturnism, bismut phosphoric, salicylic acid, KUinlia ; glycerin, carbolic acid, pyrogallic acid, 

 anilin and derivates, Silhemian ; arsen, Ba Clj. phosphorus, Heiliorn ; arsenic, Heinz ; and others) 

 (Compare Kionka, I.e.) AfEections of the endothelia of the vessels however have to be taken iiitq 

 consideration. 



X .Jawein, Virchows Archiv, 161, 3, 190(1. 



§ Cit. Kionka, Lubarsch-Ostertag, Erg. 7, 506, 1901, 



