no 



There was a general jaundicetl condition of the flesh, the serous 

 membranes, and all organs. The lungs were oedematous and a few 

 haemorrhagic infarcts were present. The blood of the heart ventricles 

 was not completely coagulated. A few haemorrhagic spots were 

 noticed on the endocajtl of the left ventricle. The heart muscle was 

 pale. There was but little liquid in the heartbag. The spleen was 

 slightly enlarged, there were several haematoms in tlie tissue of the 

 spleeji. The pulpa was black. A Avliite thrombus was found in the 

 splenic vein. The liver was enormously enlarged. The tissue was 

 friable, of a green-yellow-reddisli colour ; it was studded with white 

 spots, which on close examination i^roved to be small abscesses ; minute 

 haemorrhagic sj)ots were also present. The kidneys were enormously 

 enlarged, almost sphej'ical. The capsula was infiltrated. The tissue of 

 the kidueys was black, oedematous, and friable. The mucosa of the 

 stomach was uniformly reddened and swollen ; that of the duodenum 

 was also thickened and red stripes across the mucosa were present. The 

 mucous membrane of the coscum and colon were slate-coloured. The 

 bladtler was empty. The lymiihatic glands were not enlarged. 



Mici'oscopical examination of smears of the different organs proved 

 the absence of entLogiobular parasites. The small abscesses in tlu' liver 

 contained a l)ipolar bacterium. 



The above-described coinplex of clinical symiitomsand pathological 

 anatomical lesions, Avhich are met in cases of haemolysis due to the 

 injection of isolytic serum, has to be exi^ecteil more or less comx^lete in 

 all diseases where destruction of erytlirocytes takes i^lace, namely in : 



1. Various poisonings with saponine, digitoxine, cyclamine, 



colloidal metals and metal hydros )xydes; acids, Hg Olj, K CIO3, 

 Xa CIO.,, Ba Clj, As, As^Oj, P, and many others. 



2. After influence of A'ery low and very high temperatures. 



3. After infections with microbes secerning haemolytic toxines : 



strepto — and staphylo-cocci. b. anthracis, b. typhi, tetani, bact. 

 cholorae a.o. 



4. xVfter poisonings with snake venonrs. 



.5. After infections with pir(iplasms; tJiey are all endogiobular 



parasites and are specially important for South Africa. 

 In cattle: Piroplasmabigeminum (Texas fever, ordinary red water). 

 Piroplasma mutans (gall sicknessj. 



Piroplasma par v am (East coast fever, Rhodesian red- 

 Avater), haemolysis clinically seldom ol)served. 

 In equines : Piroplasma equi (biliaiy fever). 



(Horses, mules, donkeys, zebras.) 

 In dogs . Piroplasma canis (biliary fever). 



The clinical pathological anatomical ajopearance of tliese diseases is 

 of course not always the same as it is seen in cases of serum-haemolysis, 

 but mixed with other local sjnnptoms of intestinal, nervous, or cardiac 

 nature. This applies specially to diseases due to microbes which secrete 

 other toxiues liesides haemolysines (tetanus, tyi)hus, anthrax, etc.) 



