142 



croupous pneumonia are found, the height of the condensation or grey 

 hepatisation being the most numerous. 



More or less homogenous loose fibrinous masses mixed with flakes 

 of albumen fill the alveoli, the fibrine threads being shown wonderfully 

 distinctly by fibrine staining. Near the septs, the alveolar plugs appear 

 denser, owing to the accuinulation of polynuclear neutrophile leucocytes 

 and red blood corpuscles. 



Alveolar anastomoses are often found in such places near the septa 

 because the distribution of fibrine is more regular. In certain stages 

 of the disease the darkest and most nucleated alveoli are situated in the 

 immediate vicinity of the bronchioli, bronchi, and blood vessels, and in 

 degenerative processes which will be described further on. However, 

 one can state generally, that in classical cases, fibrine exudation always 

 takes the first place. Frec[uent emigration and desquamation in the 

 alveoh, which lie just aposed to the interstitial connective tissue, is so 

 great that one immediately recognises that the inflammation is most acute 

 there. 



It is clear that these places are those which in advanced stages show 

 the first signs of degeneration or restitution. Detached and fatty- 

 degenerated endothehal cells are enclosed in the fibrine, and form the 

 more or less granular-flaky contents of the alveoli. In some of the 

 examined pieces of pulmonary tissue a diathesis with erythrocytes was 

 prominent, so that one could beheve that what one saw was a direct 

 haemorrhage, on account of the engoument and effacement of the septs. 

 Such haemorrhages are poor in fibrine. These haema tomes are separated 

 from the croupous infiltrated lung tissue by a dense wall of polynuclear 

 leucocytes and lymphocytes embedded in fibrine. In advanced stages 

 one find large tracts of the lung poor in chromatine and impossible to 

 stain. 



Analyses show such places to be necrotic, and to contain only 

 scattered fibrine elements. 



A demarcating inflammation is localised at the edges of such a focus : 

 Karyolytic nuclear elements distension of the capillaries, large collections 

 of leucocytes with phenomena of emigration. 



That the process is of old standing is shown by young granulation 

 tissue originating from the nearest septa. Direct organisation processes 

 of such places are rare, consisting of large protoplasmatic cells, which 

 errode the trabecular masses of the sequester. The alveolar exudates 

 become richer in connective tissue as organisation advances. The alveolar 

 epithelia merit special consideration. The latest researches of Lipschutz* 

 on filterable and visible -micro-organisms show certain histological 

 pecuHarities which are produced by the action of such organisms on the 



'' Loco L'it. 



