Pipes 



159 



ment through the long cherry-wood stem from the 

 red clay bowl of their pipes as do their Sultans from 

 the most gorgeous thing in hookahs. In Assam and 

 Borneo simple pipes of bamboo are smoked. The 

 Afridis treasure their brass bowls, and form the stem 

 by scooping out a rut in two pieces of wood and then 

 binding them together. The Kookies of Manipur 

 have hit upon the German idea, and provide their 

 pipes with reservoirs to catch the tobacco juices. 

 When the reservoir is full they swallow the nauseous 

 oils with gusto, esteeming it the best part of tobacco ! 

 Many Indian villages have a ' welcome pipe,' which, 

 kept alight, is offered to passers-by to smoke to the 

 health of the community — for a consideration. 



The Russian peasant drinks tobacco from a roughly- 

 made pipe of wood tipped with copper, and lined in 

 the bowl with tin. The dog-wood stem is secured to 

 the bowl by leather thongs. A most curious pipe is 

 that of the Kirghiz. It consists of three bowls sur- 

 mounting each other on a stem of the usual Eastern 

 length. The Zulus have a similar two-bowl pipe, made 

 of wood and lined with tin. How these queer instru- 

 ments originated it is difficult to say. Perhaps the 

 smoker's appetite is so inordinate that one bowl does 

 not suffice, or it may be a patent method of blending 

 the fumes of various kinds of tobacco. 



The fertility of necessity is abundantly demon- 

 strated in the matter of pipes. The Kaffir substitute 

 has been noticed already. In a similar manner the 

 Bechuanas beat a branch or twig into the ground 

 horizontally. At one end they dig a small hole, and 

 draw out the stick, leaving a little tunnel. In the 



