THE PINNATED GROUSE, by4 
the Siberian grouse (7. falcipennis), which differs merely 
in its longer and more slender primaries. The black 
cock (7. ¢etrix) has a representative in the dusky, or pine 
grouse (Canace obscura), but it differs from the latter 
materially in its metallic colors and peculiarly-formed 
tail. The bills of both species are much alike. The 
nearest kindred of the Bonasa sylvestris of Europe is 
the ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus), which is generally 
known by the name of pheasant in the West and 
Southwest. The ptarmigans of both continents are so 
much alike in plumage and habits that the amateur 
naturalist or the sportsman will find little difficulty in 
recognizing those which are allied, although he may 
hear the American species called white quail in some 
portions of the Northwest. 
» The grouse are known indiscriminately by the names 
of partridges and pheasants in various parts of Canada 
and the United States, although there is not a true part- 
ridge or pheasant on the continent, and if there were it 
would be an easy matter to distinguish them from the 
Tetraonine. The partridges, in the first place, have 
naked nostrils and tarsi, while these are more or less 
feathered in the grouse; the latter also have a strip of 
naked: red or orange skin over the eye, a row of comb- 
like scales on the sides of the toes, and, usually, a tuft 
of feathers or a patch of naked, distensible skin, or both, 
on each side of the neck. The tail feathers also vary 
from sixteen to twenty in number, and the tail is forked, 
rounded, or acute. Each species of grouse may be readily 
distinguished apart by noting the peculiarities of the 
neck, tail feathers, and tarsi. Those placed in the genus 
Canace have a rather square tail, which is nearly as long 
as the wing, and is composed of from sixteen to twenty 
broad, rounded feathers. The tarsi are feathered to 
the toes, and the neck is devoid of naked spaces and 
lengthened plumes of peculiar feathers. The ptarmi- 
