Opinions of Wind-breaks 75 
and death soon follows. It is generally conceded now by prac- 
tical orechardists that these wind-breaks are detrimental to the 
fruit trees, but we are frequently asked what we are to do to 
prevent the fruit from blowing off. We answer by asking what 
prevents this in an orchard of several hundred acres in extent?* 
Adam says that the best wind-break is “another row of trees.” 
If it is determined to have this wind-break, why not make it of 
the Haas apple?—C. I. Gurney, Northwestern Pomology (Concord, 
Nebraska), 59. 
A free circulation of air is very desirable in an orchard, and 
full exposure is better than shutting in too closely, yet in a 
full exposure is not found the best condition for a successful 
orchard. It should be surrounded with wind-breaks on the ex- 
posed sides, sufficient to somewhat break the force of the wind, 
but not heavy enough to prevent a good circulation of air through 
the orchard at any time. It is much more important to have a 
wind-break on the south and west sides of an orchard than on 
the north or east, for it is from the former directions that come 
the most injurious winds.—Samuel B. Green, Amateur Fruit-grow- 
ing (Minneapolis), 74. 
Fig. 3. Protection of an orange grove from the morning sun. 
Though the climate of California renders unnecessary the pro- 
tection against rigorous weather which fruit-growers in some 
other parts of the world have to provide, there is often advantage 
in securing shelter from winds and protection from late frosts. 
*The outside rows act as wind-breaks. The larger the orchard, the less 
is the injury to the interior parts of it by wind. An orchard may be very 
completely protected by another one standing to the windward.—L. H. B. 
