78 The Principles of Fruit-growing. 
Winds sweep the surface and bear away the mois- 
ture of the soil at the same time that they come 
in contact with the trees and bushes themselves, 
and take away their moisture. The chief effect of 
the forest is to check the force of winds in pre- 
scribed areas. It has a local influence. Aside from 
all this, if forests were retained about the sources 
of creeks and upon springy hillsides, a more con- 
tinuous supply of water might be obtained for irri- 
gation, stock, spraying and domestic uses. It is 
worth saying, too, that a country which is dotted 
here and there with forest areas is a much more 
attractive one, to every person who loves variety of 
landscape and nature, than one which has been re- 
duced to a dead sameness by the removal of all 
timber. 
Whilst there are thus many advantages to fruit- 
growing of small forest preserves, there are also 
disadvantages. In certain cases they may become 
the harbors and rallying places of serious insect or 
fungous invasions. This difficulty may be largely 
avoided by cutting out those trees and bushes which 
breed the fruit-grower’s enemies. The wild cherries 
are much loved of the tent caterpillars, the elm of 
the canker-worm, and wild roses and their kin of 
the rose-chafer. The cedar-apple fungus thrives 
upon the red cedar, and is thence transported to 
the quince or apple orchard, and a form of it 
affects the wild thorn trees. The red-rust flour- 
ishes upon the wild blackberries, dewberries and 
black raspberries, and the strawberry diseases breed 
