100 The Principles of Fruit-growing. 
two or three inches deep. Hardy varieties may be 
simply held down by throwing a few shovelfulls of 
earth on the tops: of the canes, thus allowing the 
snow to fill in amongst the tops. If the grower 
lives in a_ locality where he does not fear late 
spring frosts, the bushes should be raised early in 
the spring; but if frosts are feared, they may be 
left under cover until corn-planting time. If the 
buds become large and are bleached white under 
cover, they will suffer when exposed to the atmos- 
phere; and one must watch the bushes in spring, 
and raise them before the buds become soft and 
white. This method of laying down blackberry 
plants costs less than $10 per acre, and the slight 
breaking of the roots is no disadvantage. Some 
growers dig the earth away on both sides of the 
row, and still others bend over the canes without 
any digging. Whatever method is employed, the 
operator must be careful not to erack or split the 
eanes. The method ean be varied with different 
varieties, for some bear stiffer canes than others. | 
The laying down of orchard trees is little prac- 
ticed in this country, but it must come to be better 
understood as the country develops and a greater 
interest arises in amateur fruit-growing. Fig. 9 
(page 99) shows a method of training peach trees 
for laying down.* The trunk is trained in a_hori- 
zontal position, and it should be ten feet or more 
long to allow of its being twisted. The top is trained 
*J. T. Macomber, “Peach-growing in the Cold North,” Amer. Garden, 
xi. 231. 
