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Principles of Fruit-growing. 
mellow on top, and not to get a crop 
into it, heavy plowing is not essen- 
tial. Very often some of the heavier 
harrows or light gang-plows may be 
used to tear up the ground in spring, 
if the land has been got into proper 
shape when the plantation was young. 
This is especially true in heght lands 
upon which peaches are generally 
grown. If cover crops are to be 
plowed under, these remarks will not 
apply with equal force. In the first 
few years, however, it is essential to 
plow moderately deep in order to break 
up the soil and to send the roots down, 
as explained farther on. A world of 
trouble with the orchard will be saved 
if the suggestions in this paragraph 
are fully understood. 
Specific remarks.—1. Begin to till 
when the orchard is planted, and till 
the entire surface. If trees are prop- 
