Raising Trees from Seeds. 235 
Spy), and am top-grafting them with cions from 
trees which please me and which I know to have 
been productive during many years. Time will dis- 
eover if the effort is worth the while, but unless 
all analogies fail, the outcome must be to my 
profit.” * 
If one is to plant hardy stocks and then work 
them over, he should usually plan to graft or bud 
them after they have stood in the orchard one 
year. Good results sometimes follow grafting in the 
very year in which the stock is set, but this is the 
exception. Some persons have proposed to sow 
seeds in the very spot where the trees are to 
stand, and thereby to raise stocks for top-working 
without transplanting them, but the labor and un- 
certainty of the method make it impracticable. It 
is cheaper to grow trees in the nursery row—the 
same as it is cheaper to buy trees of a nursery- 
man than to attempt to grow them—and the trees 
also receive better care. Again, seedlings vary, and 
the poor and weak ones should be discarded the 
same as they are by the budder in the nursery 
row who finds them to be too small or too 
scrawny to bud. Well-grown stock of a_ strong- 
growing variety usually gives more uniform results 
than a lot of home-grown seedlings can. 
Buying the trees.—It is best, when it can be done, 
to order trees late in summer or early in the fall, if 
*L, H. Bailey, Bull. 102, Cornell Exp. Sta. See, also, “Survival of the 
Unlike,” pp. 249, 250. 
