240 The Principles of Fruit-growing. 
allow it to possess an individuality all its own. 
An additional reason for sparse planting has lately 
become important,— the necessity of spraying for in- 
sect and fungous pests; and for this reason, as well 
as to allow of better cultivation, the outside rows 
should not be set close to fences. The distance at 
which trees may be set depends much upon the 
system of pruning. If heading-in is followed vigor- 
ously and systematically, trees may be sect a third 
nearer than if allowed to take their natural form. 
Heading-in should always be practiced with dwarf 
pears, and many of our best growers pursue it with 
peaches, plums and quinces. Thin planting is_ the 
safer rule for the majority of cases. The following 
table may be supposed to represent the outside aver- 
age limit for the planting of fruits in New York, when 
the plants are allowed to take their natural form: 
Apples, 40 ft. each way. 
— dwarf, 10 to 15 ft. 
Pears, standard, 20 to 25 ft. 
— dwarf, 12 ft. to 1 rod. 
Quinees, 1 rod. 
Peaches and Nectarines, 20 ft. 
Plums, 20 ft. 
Apricots, 20 ft. 
Cherries, sour, 20 ft. 
— sweet, 30 ft. 
Figs, 20 to 25 ft. 
Kaki, 20 to 25 ft. 
Pecans, 40 ft. 
