242 The Principles of Fruit-growing. 
secure very good results with more than one type of 
effort upon the same piece of. land. 
Van Deman* writes the following upon this sub- 
ject: “For a number of years, the trees will neces- 
sarily have much more space than they really need, 
if planted the distance apart that they will require 
when grown to full bearing age. Not only will there 
be wide spaces between their tops, but much of the 
soil will be unoccupied by their roots. Therefore, 
some plan for using this space without in any way 
hindering the proper growth of the trees, is permis- 
sible, economical and desirable. Many plant peach 
trees among their apple trees to fill the ‘spaces until 
the apple trees get old enough to need all the room. 
I have done so myself, but do not like it now. The 
peach trees are of quicker growth, and rob the apple 
trees to a damaging degree, in many cases. Dwarf 
pears are occasionally sct in apple or standard pear 
orchards, but this is generally a mistake, because the 
trees often need very different culture, especially 
when the pear trees blight badly from too rapid 
growth. Moreover, if the dwarf pear trees are 
planted deep, they send out pear roots above the 
quince stocks, and become almost as long-lived as 
the other trees. The wiser plan is, usually, to plant 
apples, peaches, pears, cherries, plums, apricots, etc., 
by themselves, but to fill up the spaces until the 
permanent trees need the whole, plant varieties of 
*H. E, Van Deman, “Plans for Orchard Planting,” Rural New-Yorker, 
Mareh 6, 1897. 
